democratisation of science
what is the democratisation of science and technology?
rising need to transparency and public participation in advisory bodies
what is the golem?
while science and technology are potentially threatening, they are still very useful and not inevitably outside of our control.
What does the acronym RRI stand for in research and innovation policy?
Responsible Research & Innovation
If researchers ask people from different groups what they think about a new climate technology, which RRI principle are they following?
inclusion
Which term describes the balance between expert decision-making and public participation in governance?
Autocracy
Technocracy
Democracy
Plutocracy
2. Technocracy
what is more important, procedural transparency or substantive transparency? and what does it entail?
substantive transparency
what was the main problem in Wynne’s research?
the lack of distinction between universality of theories/ knowledge and the real practical world
the lack of respect towards the farmers’ knowledge/ the disregard to it
Which principle of RRI encourages researchers to think about the future implications and possible consequences of their work?
anticipation
Name one large-scale climate intervention technology that is the focus of geoengineering research
Solar radiation management, carbon dioxide removal, etc
Why is there a dilemma between technocracy and democracy in addressing technological innovations?
Because experts want efficient solutions but democracy requires broad public participation, which can slow decisions
what are the normative and instrumental argument?
citizens have a democratic right to be involved in decisions that affect their lives
excluding citizens from the advisory process may hamper regulation
on which aspects did the scientists overlook the farmers’ knowledge?
sheep behaviour
water accumulation spots (radiation hot-spots) (also with the Sellafield factor)
lack of understanding the market.
What does the RRI principle of "inclusion" mean?
Getting different people involved in talking about and shaping the research or innovation
What should researchers do if new risks or public concerns appear during a geoengineering project, according to the RRI framework?
Be responsive—change the research or even stop it if necessary.
In what way does RRI tries to solve the technocracy-democracy dilemma?
By creating spaces where experts and the public deliberate together on technology choices.
who are typically meant with: a) contributory, b) experiential, and c) consequential experts?
scientists
patients/ directly affected
affected representatives from organisations
what were the real life effects for the Cumbrian sheepfarmers?
4 million sheep and 800 farms under restriction
a dramatic effect on the livelihood of upland sheepfarmers.
The sale of spring lambs provide the farmers with their only significant yearly income. The timing of sales is crucial.
they lost their independent decision-making power. These remote, independent farmers, some of the last groups in Britain to experience industrialization, suddenly came under the jurisdiction of a distant scientific bureaucracy.
felt betrayed by arrogant scientists
Why do STS scholars believe it’s important to include many different kinds of knowledge in research?
Because science and technology affect many people, so many views should be considered
What is one goal of using the RRI framework in geoengineering research?
To guarantee that every research project receives government funding.
To speed up the process of developing new climate technologies without public input.
To avoid any changes or adjustments to research plans, regardless of new concerns.
To make sure research considers the impacts on society and the environment before starting
4. To make sure research considers the impacts on society and the environment before starting
According to the text, why is neoliberal governance part of the crisis in the liberal world order related to innovation governance?
Because it encourages unrestricted public participation in every stage of innovation governance.
Because it has led to challenges in democratic oversight and increases reliance on technical experts instead of public debate
Because it eliminates the influence of market forces in policymaking and innovation.
Because it guarantees that innovation decisions are made solely through democratic voting processes without expert input.
2. Because it has led to challenges in democratic oversight and increases reliance on technical experts instead of public debate
why is a certain level of confidentiality necessary?
to resist lobbying, to allow advisors to see if they can put money where their mouth is
speak with one voice, create consensus
what was the main accusation towards the scientists (in both video and text)?
the scientists must have fallen victim to political pressure from the government
according to the farmers, the authorities were trying to cover up…the previous unacknowledged contamination from the Sellafield plant
rather than admitting to uncertainties, they made over-confident claims which, in the long term, were unsustainable
How does Science and Technology Studies (STS) shape the reflexivity principle in RRI, according to Stilgoe et al. (2013)?
STS insists that researchers focus primarily on the technical details of innovation and avoid broader social considerations.
STS encourages researchers to keep their personal values and assumptions private to ensure objective science.
STS emphasizes that researchers should reflect on their own assumptions, values, and the context of their work, and consider how science is co-produced with society.
3. STS emphasizes that researchers should reflect on their own assumptions, values, and the context of their work, and consider how science is co-produced with society.
Why is it important for researchers to reflect on their own values and goals when planning geoengineering projects?
So they can align their project’s communication with what is most popular in the media at the time.
So they can understand their own assumptions and make sure the research is ethical and responsible
So they can satisfy project funders’ expectations, regardless of broader societal values.
So they can ensure their work is consistent with previous geoengineering experiments, even if circumstances have changed.
2. So they can understand their own assumptions and make sure the research is ethical and responsible
What is a key feature of governance practices that RRI promotes to handle complex societal issues?
Speeding up approval processes
Focusing only on economic growth
Deliberation, openness, and adaptability
Limiting public engagement to experts only
3. Deliberation, openness, and adaptability