Chapter 7 - Bones Axial Skeleton
Which of the following specific vertebra or type of vertebra is also called the "tailbone" and consists of three to five fused vertebrae?
A. Thoracic vertebrae
B. Axis vertebra
C. Lumbar vertebra
D. Coccyx
E. Sacrum
D. Coccyx
Which of the following can be described as the region of fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis?
A. Ala
B. Obturator foramen
C. Acetabulum
D. Sacrum
C. Acetabulum
In the TMJ, the mandible moves with a side-to-side motion called ___ when the posterior teeth are drawn into occlusion during grinding.
A. elevation
B. anterior gliding
C. lateral gliding
D. lateral excursion
D. lateral excursion
Which of the following is the location of the brachialis in the muscle compartment of the upper or lower extremities?
A. Anterior compartment of the leg
B. Anterior compartment of the arm
C. Anterior compartment of the forearm
D. Posterior compartment of the leg
B. Anterior compartment of the arm
Mr. Chester, a heavy beer drinker with a large potbelly, complained of severe lower back pains. After X-ray films were taken, he was found to have displacement of his lumbar vertebrae. What would this condition be called, and what would cause it?
Lordosis; the excess abdominal weight from his potbelly caused an increase in lumbar curvature, which puts extra stress on the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs. Over time, this stress can cause vertebral displacement or instability, leading to lower back pain.
Which of the following bones contains the carotid canal?
A. Sphenoid bone
B. Maxilla
C. Temporal bone
D. Ethmoid bone
E. Occipital bone
C. Temporal bone
The prominent spine on the posterior surface of the scapula ends laterally in a flat projection called the ___
A. Coracoid process
B. Acromion
C. Glenoid cavity
D. Spine of scapula
B. Acromion
Once stretched, ligaments, like taffy, stay stretched. A ligament can only stretch to what degree beyond its normal length before it snaps apart?
6 percent
Which of the following arm muscles flex(es) the arm at the elbow?
A. Anconeus and triceps brachii
B. Pronator teres and anconeus
C. Triceps brachii
D. Anconeus
E. Pronator teres
E, Pronator teres
Justiniano worked in a poultry-packing plant, where his job was cutting open chickens and stripping out their visceral organs. After work, he typed for long hours on his computer keyboard, because he was writing a novel based on his work in the plant. Soon, his wrist and hand began to hurt whenever he flexed them, and he began to awaken at night with pain and tingling on the thumb half of his hand. What condition did he probably have?
He likely has carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel. This results from repetitive wrist movements and causes pain and tingling in the thumb and first two fingers.
Which of the following bones contains a transverse foramen?
A. Occipital bone
B. Temporal bone
C. Sacral vertebrae
D. Cervical vertebrae
E. Sphenoid bone
D. Cervical vertebrae
The __________ is an important landmark for studying scapular movements.
A. infraglenoid angle
B. inferior angle
C. superior angle
D. lateral angle
B. inferior angle
Which of the following defines a circumduction movement?
A. Decreasing the angle between two bones
B. Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other
C. Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space
D. Moving a limb toward the body's midline
C. Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space
Which of the following is the origin, insertion, action, or innervation of the gluteus medius muscle?
A. It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
B. It flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh; it also flexes the leg.
C. It adducts the thigh and flexes and medially rotates the leg.
D. It extends the thigh and flexes the leg.
E. It's insertion is the linea aspera.
F. It is innervated by L5 and S1.
A. It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
Dan Park, an exhausted anatomy student, was attending a lecture. After 30 minutes he began to doze. He woke up suddenly (the professor’s voice was too loud to permit a good nap) and yawned widely. To his great distress, he couldn’t close his mouth—his lower jaw was stuck open. What had happened?
He dislocated his temporomandibular joint (TMJ) when yawning. The mandibular condyle slipped anterior to the articular tubercle of the temporal bone, preventing the jaw from closing.
From which of the following bones do the palatine processes project?
A. Temporal bone
B. Maxillary bones
C. Sphenoid bone
D. Ethmoid bone
E. Occipital bone
B. Maxillary bones
The false pelvis __________.
A. lies inferior to the pelvic brim
B. forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs
C. is bounded laterally by the ischial tuberosities and is the inferior margin of the true pelvis
D. is superior to the pelvic brim and bounded by the alae of the iliac bones and is actually considered part of the abdomen and contains the abdominal organs
D. is superior to the pelvic brim and bounded by the alae of the iliac bones and is actually considered part of the abdomen and contains the abdominal organs
The metacarpophalangeal joint allows which of the following movements?
A. Rotation of fingers
B. Gliding of metacarpals
C. Flexion of fingers
D. All of the listed responses are correct
E.Opposition of metacarpal
C. Flexion of fingers
Which of the following is the embryonic origin for the muscles of visceral organs?
A. Occipital myotomes
B. Splanchnic mesoderm around the early gut
C. Muscle mass that lies dorsal to the limb bones
D. 4th-7th somitomeres
B. Splanchnic mesoderm around the early gut
What class of lever is described by the following activities:
(1) the soleus plantar flexing the foot;
(2) the deltoid abducting the arm;
(3) the triceps brachii extending the forearm during push-ups?
1. Second-class lever: The ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum. The body weight (load) is between the fulcrum and the soleus muscle’s pull (effort) at the heel.
2. Third-class lever: The shoulder joint is the fulcrum, the load is at the distal arm/hand, and the effort (deltoid) is applied between them.
3. First-class lever: The hand (where force is applied against the floor) is the load, the elbow joint is the fulcrum, and the triceps applies the effort on the olecranon process.
Structures that form the vertebral arch are __________ and __________.
lamina; pedicles of the vertebra
Which feature of the ulna is separated from the bones of the wrist by a disc of fibrocartilage but plays little or no role in hand movements?
Head of ulna
What is the function of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule of a synovial joint?
It strengthens the joint so that the bones are not pulled apart.
Which muscle inserts via the calcaneal tendon?
Plantaris
Walking to her car after her 65th birthday party, Mrs. Schultz tripped on ice and fell forward on her outstretched palms. When she arrived at the emergency room, her right wrist and hand were bent like a fork. Dr. Jefferson felt that the styloid process of her radius was outside of the anatomical snuff box and slightly proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. When he checked her elbow, he found that the olecranon lay 2 cm proximal to the two epicondyles of the right humerus. Explain all these observations, and describe what had happened to Mrs. Schultz’s limb.
She fell on her outstretched hand, causing a Colles’ fracture—a break of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment. This displacement pushes the hand and wrist into a fork deformity. The radial styloid, normally distal to the ulnar styloid, has shifted proximally, explaining the altered alignment. The olecranon being 2 cm proximal to the epicondyles indicates a posterior dislocation of the elbow joint. Together, these findings show she fractured her distal radius and dislocated her elbow in the fall.