Cell Structure
Properties of Water & Basic Chemistry
Biological Molecules
Cell Membranes & Transport

100

Which part of the cell is responsible for making energy (ATP)?


The mitochondria


100

What type of bond holds two water molecules together?


 A hydrogen bond.


100

What are the four main macromolecules of life?


Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.


100

What does “semi-permeable membrane” mean?


It allows some molecules to pass but not others.


200

What’s the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?


Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells don’t.


200

Why is water called a “polar molecule”?


Because it has a slightly positive and slightly negative side.



200

What are the building blocks of proteins?


Amino acids.


200

What type of transport does not need energy (ATP)?


Passive transport.


300

What organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins?



The Golgi apparatus.

300

What does it mean that water has a high specific heat?


It resists changes in temperature.


300

Which molecule stores genetic information?


DNA


300

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?


It shrinks as water leaves the cell.


400

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?


It helps maintain cell shape, supports movement, and organizes internal structures.


400

Why does ice float?


Ice is less dense because hydrogen bonds spread molecules apart.


400

What do lipids do in the cell membrane?


They form the phospholipid bilayer


400

Whats the difference between active and passive transport?


Active transport uses energy; passive transport doesn’t 


500

What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?


The plasma (cell) membrane.


500

How does water act as a solvent?


Its polarity allows it to dissolve charged or polar substances.


500

How do enzymes speed up reactions?


By lowering activation energy.


500

What does the sodium-potassium pump do?


It uses ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell.