Land-based empires
Allowing Moroccans to defeat the Songhai, this new advantage allowed the land-based empires of Asia to quickly militarily expand their territory from 1450-1750
What is gunpowder, gunpowder weapons/technology
This Muslim ruler conquered and armies of the Delhi Sultanate and established the Mughal empire over India.
Who was Babur
Using this system, the Ottoman Turks took enslaved young boys from conquered lands in Christian Europe and trained them to become soldiers for the army or educated them to become administrators for the imperial government.
What was the devshirme, devshirme system
Spread across Europe through the printing press, this religious movement created a separate division with Christianity that broke away from traditional Catholicism.
What was the Protestant Reformation
The Zamindar system, Mexica tribute lists, and Ottoman tax-farming, are all examples of this government function essential to funding empires.
What is tax collection, or what are tax-collection systems
Controlling modern Turkey, the north African coast, and the most of the Middle East, this land-based empire was the most significant, longest-lasting empire.
What is the Ottoman empire
This Muslim ruler established the Safavid empire in Persia/Iran during the early 1500s and declared the Shia faction of Islam as the mandatory state religion
Who was Shah Ismail I
To maximize revenue, consolidate power, and encourage cooperation from the Hindu population, the rulers of Mughal India used these upper class landlords over local communities to collect taxes.
Who were zamindars.
Blending elements of Islam and Hinduism, this syncretistic new religion was founded by Guru Nanak in India during the early 1500s.
What is Sikhism, or the Sikh faith
The Catholic Church continued to uphold doctrines like the supreme authority of the pope and salvation that included works and receiving the sacraments, but changed its stance by banning simony and the sale of indulgences at this meeting of the pope and other church leaders.
What was the Council of Trent
Ruling over the Hindu majority of India, this Muslim-ruled empire became the wealthiest land-based power in the world during the 1500s.
What is the Mughal empire
Conquering and ruling over the majority Han people in China, the Qing dynasty was ruled by what ethnic minority people from northern China?
What are the Manchu, or Manchu people
Loyal only to the Ottoman Sultan, this specialized class of soldiers were recruited through the devshirme system and armed with gunpowder weapons.
Who were the Janissaries
Remaining loyal to the authority of the pope, Spain actively spread Catholicism via missionaries through out its colonies in this region of the Americas.
What is Latin America, or what are Central and South America
Many leaders of kingdoms and empires throughout 1450-1750 often built monumental architecture to control their subjects and justify their rule, like this impressive structure built just outside Paris by King Louis XIV of France.
What is Versailles, or the palace at Versailles
After conquering and replacing the Ming dynasty of China in 1644, this land-based empire used gunpowder to conquer Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet.
What is the Qing dynasty.
The stable government of this Mughal ruler was characterized by a strong economy and religious toleration for non-Muslims.
Who was Akbar
This Japanese administration moved many samurai from their traditional warfare roles serving the daimyo to operate as paid government officials called "salaried samurai."
What was the Tokugawa Shogunate
In his "95 Theses" list of complaints against corruption in the Catholic Church, Martin Luther specifically criticized these two practices in particular.
What were simony and (the sale of) indulgences
Though continuing to embrace traditions like reincarnation from Hinduism and monotheism from Islam, Sikhism taught the equality of all people by rejecting this traditional distinction of Hindu society in India.
What is the caste system
This factor caused the Shia Muslims of the Safavid empire to be in conflict often with Sunni Muslims of the neighboring Ottoman and Mughal empires.
What are religious differences
This ruler of the Ottomans used massive cannons to breach the walls of Constantinople and defeat the Byzantine empire in 1453.
Who was Mehmed II
Throughout the period of 1450-1750, rulers across Eurasia continued to use these three (3) elements to legitimize and consolidate power.
What are religious ideas, art, and architecture
Already unstable due to intense class disparities and a fragmented political structure, Europe's religious division between Catholicism and Protestantism culminated in this destructive conflict that lasted from 1618–1648.
What was the Thirty Years War
Frequently using the technological advantage of gunpowder weapons like guns and cannons in war enabled these four (4) major land-based empires to aggressively expand their territory across Eurasia during 1450-1750.
What are the Mughals, the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Qing (or Manchu) dynasty