C1
Chapter 1:
Question: Name what each letter represents in the "CRAAP" Test
Answer :What is Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose ?
Q: In research this type of variable represents the presumed cause, while the other represents the presumed efftect? Also give an example of it.
What is independent and dependent variable
Question: The term for informing subjects about research procedures and then obtaining their consent to participate
What is informed consent?
Explain necessary and sufficient causes for R. methods.
A condition that must be present for the effect to follow- necessary
a condition that virtually guarantees the effect in question-sufficient
Question: The process of specifying what we mean by a term
Answer: conceptualization
Explain experiential reality
What is the reality that states we know things from direct experience
Explain attributes in R. methods
The term for characteristics or qualities that describe some object, such as a person (example: "married" or "single")
question: A major tenet of medical research ethics is that experimental participation must be?
Answer: Voluntary
Question: Explain a "cross-sectional design"
Answer: What is observing a single point in time; simple and least costly way to conduct research?
Johnny a store owner at McDonalds was asked , how many employees work for you?
what kind of level of measurement is this?
Answer: What is the interval level of
Explain Operationalization
What is the process of creating concrete ways of measuring your concept?
what is the different between quantitative and qualitative
In Quantitative we looking for numerical data
qualitative is the richness of meaning.
Groups at risk for unethical consequence?
Research subjects, researchers, and third parties
Explain validity in R. methods
Statistical conclusion, external, internal, and construct are the four types of this concept, which can be grouped into bias and generalizability.
Explain Reliability?
Consistency and stability
Why we study research methods?
What is
Criminal justice
professionals are both
consumers and producers
of research
– You need to know how to
critically evaluate
research reports and
determine whether
appropriate methods
were used
– You need to know how to
interpret and produce
accurate research
Chapter 2:
Question: Explain the two foundations of social science
Answer: What is Logic and Observation?
Q: Participants, like juveniles and prisoners, to whom gain special provisions are called?
A: What is special populations?
Question: What are the three criteria for causation?
What are Correlation, Time Order, and No Spuriousness?
Name all fours levels of measurement
nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Explains agreement reality?
things we consider real because we have
been told they are real, and everyone agrees
Question: What are the three main elements of the traditional model of science?
Answer: What are Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Observation?
Question: Brief but comprehensive set of ethical principles for protecting human subjects?
Belmont Report
Q: What type of longitudinal study examines the same set of people at two or more different points in time?
A: What is a panel?
Define the words reliable and validity and explain how they are different
reliable- consistent
validity- purpose