Before the French Revolution
Before the French Revolution, which of the three main social classes carried nearly all the tax burden despite having the least wealth?
Third Estate
When the members of the National Assembly in France made a commitment to keep meeting until they formed a constitution
This individual crowned himself emperor and declared the Revolution over
Napoleon Bonaparte
One way China responded to peaceful protests in Hong Kong?
-Arresting and imprisoning protesters
-Threats from anonymous phone numbers
Giving power to the people is an idea most closely related to which of the four essentials of democracy?
Representation/representative govt
There was not enough of this product right before the French Rev., making it very expensive
Bread
This event became a symbol of the end of the old regime. A mob of revolutionaries marched up to a Paris prison, took its weapons, killed the officer in charge of it, and marched with his head on a pike.
Storming of the Bastille
How many years between the start of the French Revolution and the establishment of a lasting democratic govt in France?
81 years
What gave the 2014 Umbrella Revolution its name?
Protestors used umbrellas to shield themselves from pepper spray and tear gas
Transparency
Name one cause of the French Revolution
-inequality/the Estate system
-food shortages
-national debt crisis
-rejection of absolute monarchy
-Enlightenment ideas
Led by Robespierre and the Jacobins, this group was formed during the Reign of Terror to track down counter-revolutionaries such as royalistsLed by Robespierre and the Jacobins, this group was formed during the Reign of Terror to track down counter-revolutionaries such as royalists
-took away rights from women
-expanded public education
-brought back absolute monarchy
-restored some, but not all, privileges of nobility and clergy
China's promise to allow Hong Kong to maintain capitalism and democracy while also under Chinese control
One country two systems
All citizens in a democracy have a right to due process. Which of the four components of democracy is this related to?
Rule of law
Governmental body called into session in 1789 to address France's national debt crisis
Estates General
What did King Louis XVI do to try to maintain his power after he was overthrown?
Escaped Paris after he was overthrown and tried to collaborate with the Austrian govt to topple the Revolution
What is one factor that allowed Napoleon to take power?
-External invasions from other European monarchies like Austria. Napoleon was a general who promised to protect France!
-Chaos and mass deaths of Reign of Terror
-Weakness and corruption of the Directory
What were the 2014 Hong Kong protests (Umbrella Revolution) about?
The people wanted freedom to select political candidates for elections, instead of China choosing them
A journalist in Hong Kong was arrested for criticizing the Chinese government. Which TWO essentials of democracy is this most closely related to?
Civil rights and rule of law
What is one main idea of the Enlightenment? ("Equality" is not a good enough answer)
-we are born with equal individual rights to life, liberty, property
-No one is above the law
-science/reason over religion as source of knowledge
-separation of church and state
-government's should represent, and carry out the will of, the people
-equality for men and women (Mary Wollstonecraft)
This government was formed after the Reign of Terror. It had five main leaders. Its weakness and corruption helped allow Napoleon to take power.
The Directory
What is one reason why it was so challenging for France to create a lasting democratic government?
-Different groups like Girondins, Jacobins, and Royalists couldn't agree about what the govt should look like
-Violence early on (e.g. Storming of the Bastille) set a precedent for later violence (Reign of Terror), creating chaos
-Power hungry leaders tried to consolidate their power - Robespierre, Napoleon
An extradition bill (proposed law) that would have allowed the people of Hong Kong to be tried in China
Name all four main obstacles to democratization that we took notes on and discussed in this class
-Not all citizens get rights at the same time
-Disagreement among citizens
-Democratization is a long process
-Power-hungry leaders