Routing
This type of routing uses manually configured paths rather than dynamically learned routes.
Static Routing
This protocol uses an algorithm and metrics to build and maintain a routing information base.
dynamic routing protocol
This device is placed at the network perimeter, are typified by distinguishing external (Internet-facing) and internal interfaces
The basic function of a firewall
traffic filtering
This common LAN topology connects all devices to a central switch, reducing single-link failures but making the switch a single point of failure.
Star
The IP address of the next router along the path to the destination
Gateway/next hop—
This distance-vector protocol uses hop count as its metric and sends updates every 30 seconds
What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?
This NAT method maps many internal private addresses to a single public address using different port numbers
What is PAT (Port Address Translation)
This type of firewall keeps track of connection state and only allows packets that are part of an established session.
stateful firewall
This resilient topology provides multiple paths between nodes; in its full form every node connects to every other node.
mesh topology (full or partial)
At each router, this header field is decreased by at least 1
the Time to Live (TTL)
This is the process whereby routers running dynamic routing algorithms agree on the network topology
Convergence
This NAT flavor provides a permanent, one‑to‑one mapping between a specific private IP and a public IP.
What is Static NAT
This simpler firewall type filters traffic strictly by headers like IP, port, and protocol—without tracking sessions.
Stateless
This provides fault-tolerant interconnections between different access blocks and either the core or other distribution blocks.
distribution or aggregation layer
a special type of static route that identifies the next hop router for a destination that cannot be matched by another routing table entry
This distance vector protocol relies on neighboring routers to report paths to remote networks
Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
This record in a NAT device keeps track of inside‑local to inside‑global translations and their ports
NAT Translation Table
This is the term that applies to the rules for the packet filtering Firewall
Network Access Control List
A WAN might be configured as a hub and spoke between a central office and branch offices, with each site implementing a star topology to connect end systems.
Star of Stars or Snowflake
If a packet can be delivered to a directly connected network via an Ethernet interface, the router uses this protocol to determine the Data Link layer address of the destination interface.
ARP (IPv4) or Neighbor Discovery (ND in IPv6)
This is suited to large organizations with multiple redundant paths between networks and is hierarchical.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
This NAT type borrows public addresses from a pool and assigns them to internal hosts on demand.
Dynamic NAT
This network segment sits between a private LAN and the internet to safely host public‑facing services like web or mail.
DMZ
This hierarchical design arranges switches in access, distribution, and core layers to scale and simplify control.
3 Tiered Architecture