The Constitution
What is it called when something is done that unlawfully goes against the Constitution?
Unconstitutional
What government had the most power under the AOC?
State governments
What did Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagree about pertaining to the economic stability/taxes?
The creation of the National Bank
Who were two figures that represented the Federalist party?
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams
Who was the founder of the Democratic Republican party?
Thomas Jefferson
The first ten amendments of the Constitution of the United States are called what?
The Bill of Rights
What were two important things that went wrong under the AOC?
States had power to tax, Shays Rebellion, no unified currency between states, cannot repay debt from revolutionary war, no army
What Founding Father was known for his role in drafting the constitution and the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
What was the main argument of the Federalists in favor of the Constitution?
Stronger Federal government to protect the people
What was the name of the Democratic Republican party before the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
What clause settled the debate over representation in the House of Representatives? How did it work and what were its further implications?
The 3/5ths Compromise was crucial in determining how enslaved individuals would be counted for representation in the House of Representatives. Southern states, which had large enslaved populations, wanted these individuals to be counted fully to increase their political power, while Northern states opposed this due to the moral implications of slavery.
Under the AOC, what was the structure of the government?
Unicameral
What Founding Father was a key advocate for a strong federal government and co-authored the Federalist Papers?
What did Alexander Hamilton believe the heart of the economic success for the nation should be?
Manufacturing, WITHOUT SLAVERY
Name the expansion of U.S. territory in 1803 and who went through with the expansion
Louisiana Purchase made by Thomas Jefferson
Which compromise settled the debate over representation in Congress?
The Great Compromise
What event in 1786 highlighted the weakness of the AOC?
Shays' Rebellion
How does Thomas Jefferson being a strict constructionist contribute to complications with the Louisiana Purchase?
Jefferson believed that if the power was not granted directly to the federal government by the Constitution (strict constructionism) then the power would be delegated to the states. The power of expanding and buying new territory was not named in the Constitution so Jefferson ran into a moment where he had to find a way to go around this.
Bonus: What did he want to expand the land for?
What were the main fears of the people who opposed the idea of a National Bank? How did Alexander Hamilton justify the necessity of a National Bank?
Southern states feared taking on the debts of Northern states by being taxed even after paying their war debts off, they feared the federal government becoming too strong because the constitution did not specifically delegate the power of a national bank to the federal government. Hamilton used loose constructionism and the loose interpretation of the Constitution and for the "general welfare" of the people as his reasoning as power to create the Bank.
Name the acts that passed in 1798, was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans for infringing on civil liberties exclusively written in the constitution.
Alien and Sedition Acts
This clause allows Congress to make laws that are "necessary and proper."
The Elastic Clause
Explain the significance behind the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
They were a direct response to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, which many viewed as an overreach of federal authority. The resolutions illustrated early concerns about the balance of power between state and federal governments.
What was the XYZ Affair, and how did it impact U.S. relations with France?
The diplomatic incident in 1797-1798 where French agents demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War
What Federalist was president during the Alien and Sedition Acts? and why did this impact the Election of 1800?
John Adams was president and it impacted the election of 1800 because the backlash against the Alien and Sedition Acts contributed to the defeat of Federalists in the elections of 1800, leading to a shift in political power to the Democratic-Republicans.
What did Thomas Jefferson believe that the heart of the economy should be? What was his vision for the nation called?
Agriculture or agrarian (rural farmer lifestyle) which enhanced the reliance on the institution of slavery.