Very easy
Who wrote the book Orientalism?
Edward Said
What idea is Jamal al-Din al-Afghani best known for?
Pan-Islamism and Islamic Modernism
What event divided India and Pakistan, which Gandhi opposed?
The partition of India in 1947
According to Max Weber, what gives the state its defining characteristic?
The monopoly over the legitimate use of force
What does the term “state” refer to?
A political community with government, territory, population, and sovereignty
Who is known as the father of Arab nationalism?
Constantine Zuraiq
According to Zuraiq, what caused Arab decline in modernity?
Self-enclosure, fear of change, materialism, and lack of civilization (Tamadon)
What did Franz Fanon mean by “colonization of the mind”?
The psychological control of colonized people who internalize inferiority and Western ideals
Who believed in nonviolent resistance to achieve independence?
Mahatma Gandhi
What are the four main elements of the state?
Population, Territory, Sovereignty, Government
What did Kwame Nkrumah aim to achieve for Africa?
Development and unity while preserving African identity
How did colonial borders affect African states after independence?
They grouped diverse ethnic groups, causing ongoing conflict and instability
What are the three branches of government?
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
What does the term “sovereignty” mean?
Supreme power of a state to govern itself
What is internal sovereignty?
A state's power to rule within its own territory
How did Fanon and Gandhi differ in their approach to decolonization?
Fanon supported violent resistance; Gandhi promoted nonviolence
Which treaty established the modern concept of the state?
The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
What is the difference between a state and a nation?
A nation is a people with shared identity; a state is a political entity with defined territory and government
How did Edward Said describe Orientalism?
A Western invention that creates stereotypes about the East to justify dominance
What did Edward Said mean by “the East/West dichotomy”?
The West defines itself as superior by contrasting with an inferior “East”