Anatomy & Physiology
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
The three main steps of urine formation are: _____, _____, and _____. (In order)
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
The term cystitis means _____.
Inflammation of the bladder
Cloudy urine and painful urination (dysuria) often indicate what condition?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
This basic test checks urine for sugar, ketones, and infection.
Urinalysis
What part of the kidney contains most of the nephrons?
Cortex
The glomerulus filters blood into this cup-shaped structure.
Bowman’s capsule
The term glycosuria means _____.
Condition of urine sugar
The presence of stones in the kidney is known as _____. (Condition of Kidney Stones)
Nephrolithiasis
This X-ray shows the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) X-ray
The structure that brings blood into the kidney is the _____.
Renal artery
Muscular contractions that move urine from the kidney to the bladder are called _____.
Peristalsis
The term polyuria means _____.
condition of much urine
The presence of glucose and ketones in urine may indicate _____.
Diabetes mellitus
A camera is inserted into the bladder to visually examine the lining.
Cystoscopy
The outer layer of the kidney where the nephrons are located is called the _____, and the inner layer where they renal pyramids is the _____
Cortex; Medulla
In what part of the nephron does reabsorption occur?
Renal tubule (PCT andLoop of Henle)
The suffix -itis means _____; the suffix -uria means _____.
Inflammation; condition of urine
Genetic disorder in which cysts form in the kidneys. (Condition of many cysts [on the kidneys])
Polycystic Kidney Disease
This test is performed over 24 hours to measure filtration ability.
24-hour creatinine clearance test
Which area of the kidney collects urine and funnels it into the ureter?
Renal pelvis
After which step in urine formation, is the final product—urine—produced?
Secretion
Two suffixes that mean bladder
cyst/o; vesic/o
Condition where kidneys fail to properly filter waste products.
Renal failure
X-ray taken while urinating to check bladder and urethra.
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)