Indigenous culture
Name the three linguistic families.
Iroquoians, Inuit, and Algonquians.
Which Indigenous group(s) are sedentary?
The Iroquoians
What is the southern part of Quebec called, where the sedentary Indigenous group settled?
St Lawrence Valley
What was the year of the first voyage Jacques Cartier took?
1534
What did the French learn from the Indigenous peoples?
Living on the land, military tactics (ambush), trade routes, technical things like snowshoes.
What is animism?
The belief that all elements of nature have a soul.
What kind of dwelling does the sedentary group we've studied live in?
Long houses
What was the territory inhabited by the Inuit?
The Arctic / Northern Quebec
What encouraged Europeans to explore originally?
What changed about Indigenous peoples' use of resources?
They overexploited the resources on their land as it was no longer for only their use; they hunted furs to trade with the French.
What continent did Indigenous peoples cross from originally AND what is this crossing called?
Asia, Beringia
What is the main subsistence activity of the sedentary group?
Agriculture
What was the territory inhabited by the Algonquians?
The Canadian Shield
How did Cartier's first voyage end?
He took Donnacona's sons back to France with him.
What is a monopoly?
A monopoly is the sole right to manage a resource.
What is the role of a Shaman?
A shaman is a dream interpreter and a healer of the body and mind.
Is the sedentary group matrilineal or patrilineal? Explain your answer.
Matrilineal; women take care of their main subsistence activity, giving them a special role.
Where did the French fishermen fish?
Coast of Newfoundland and the St. Lawrence Valley
What material did the French want from the Indigenous peoples during trades?
What was the first permanent settlement called and in what year was it established?
Quebec, 1608
How did Indigenous peoples pass down knowledge and history?
Oral tradition; storytelling.
What are the three sisters? Name them and explain what they are.
Three main crops that work and grow together; squash, beans, and corn.
What was the territory called where Jacques Cartier met Chief Donnacona?
Stadacona
Who was the alliance of 1603 between?
The French and the Innu
Who received the monopoly of the fur trade in 1603?
Pierre du Gua de Monts