Argument
What are the two types of logical reasoning our textbook mentions? Bonus points if you can explain them in your own words.
Induction and deduction.
"It has been said that the devil can quote scripture; similarly, an argument can be deductively valid and also of little value because valid conclusions may be drawn from poorly defined, false, misleading, or meaningless premises."
What 3 things make up the "rhetorical situation"?
Purpose, audience, genre.
What is the name of the deceased leader of the People's Temple?
Jim Jones
What three major steps of the Toulmin model are shown here. Label each part:
This pill is safe.
It has been approved by the FDA.
The FDA is a trustworthy organization that would not approve an unsafe medication.
Claim: This pill is safe.
(The statement you are trying to prove or persuade others of.)
Grounds/Evidence: It has been approved by the FDA.
(The facts, data, or observations that support the claim.)
Warrant: The FDA is a trustworthy organization that would not approve an unsafe medication.
(The underlying assumption or principle that connects the evidence to the claim. In this case, it's the belief in the FDA's reliability. Don't assume it's obvious what connects the grounds to the claim.)
True or false: rhetoric is the art of persuasion.
False: rhetoric is the art of effective communication.
When an interviewer asked Charles Manson "who are you?" Manson replied this:
"I'm nobody."
If the premises are absolutely true, and the conclusion necessarily follows from them, the syllogism is what?
Valid AND sound.
"If all you can say about an argument is that it is valid — that is, its conclusion follows from the premises — then you have not given a sufficient reason for accepting the argument’s conclusion."
True or false: logical fallacies are effective.
True. Even though they're fallacious, they're absolutely effective.
How many tattoos do I have?
4
This is an example of a type of deductive reasoning: "Either you can vote for A, or you can vote for B, C, D. You can’t vote for B, C, D unless you are an extremist. You are not an extremist. Therefore, you must vote for A." hint: it's not a logical fallacy.
Disjunction
What type of logical fallacy is this: "I recognize that the issue of race and police violence needs to be addressed, but the real question is whether or not athletes should kneel during the national anthem." This comes straight from our book.
Red herring.
What's my least favorite thing to eat?
Chocolate
In the Toulmin Model, it lists 4 "characters" of an argument. It is related to modal qualifiers and the scope of your argument.
Necessary, plausible, possible, probable.
Who can be credited as the "father of rhetoric"?
Aristotle.
Name one of the two scholars who we referenced in Essay #2
Bruce Campbell or Eugene Gallagher