Traditional Articulation Analysis
What framework is used to classify articulation errors?
SODA – Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition
What is a phonetic error?
Error from difficulty executing motoric movements for speech sound production.
What two major types of phonological analysis are described in the lecture?
Independent and Relational analysis
What is the purpose of an Independent Analysis?
To examine what phonemes and patterns the child produces without considering accuracy.
What does the syllable/word shape analysis evaluate?
A variety of word and syllable structures are used by the child.
Example : (CV, CVC, CVCVC, etc.)
What is the purpose of a traditional articulation analysis?
To sort and quantify speech errors into SODA types for children with few phonetic errors.
What is a phonological error?
Error from difficulty understanding and implementing linguistic rules for sound production.
In Independent Analysis, what are “productive consonants”?
Sounds the child uses in at least two different words or word positions.
What age range is Independent Analysis most common for?
18–24 months (early phonological development stage).
What might it mean if a child mostly uses CV words?
They may be using the phonological process of final consonant deletion.
What type of child benefits most from this analysis?
Children who have one or two speech sounds in error and the error is phonetic (e.g., /s/ distortion).
How do you separate phonetic from phonemic errors?
Collect a speech sample with minimal pairs and see if phonemic contrasts are preserved or lost.
What does an Independent analysis examine?
Child’s phonetic inventory and syllable/word shapes irrespective of the adult system.
How are productive vs. emerging consonants identified?
Productive = 2 or more occurrences in different words/positions
Emerging = fewer than 2.
What should be analyzed “without regard to accuracy”?
The child’s produced word and syllable shapes.
What is the main purpose of analysis of children’s speech?
It is essential for identifying specific abilities to be worked on in intervention
Susie says “sea” as [ɬi] and “tea” as [ti]. What type of error is this?
Phonetic – the phonemic contrast is preserved.
What does a Relational analysis examine?
Child’s productions in relation to the adult phonological system (e.g., phonological processes, PCC).
What should you do when analyzing phonetic inventory results?
Identify strengths/weaknesses by manner and position and determine if further analysis is needed.
If a child prefers CV open syllables, what might this indicate?
Possible use of the phonological process of final consonant deletion.
What kind of speech errors does traditional articulation analysis focus on?
It focuses on phonetic errors, such as difficulty saying one or two specific sounds
ex. /s/
Sally says both “sea” and “tea” as [ti]. What type of error is this?
Phonemic – the phonemic contrast is lost.
List the four analysis components from the lecture
1. Phonetic inventory
2. Syllable/word shapes
3. Phonological processes
4. Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC).
Why is Independent Analysis important before intervention?
It links assessment to goal setting and identifies which phonemes or structures to target first.
How do syllable and word shape patterns interact with phonetic inventory?
They show whether increased syllabic complexity affects sound production