Chapter 2
Darwin and Wallace went head-to-head, rushing to see who could be the first to publish their findings about this driving factor of evolution (Page 72-73).
Natural Selection
Relating to the burial, Boule said this in his journal relating to the placement of the skeleton (Page 186-187).
It was intentionally buried.
The main argument against the Neandertal bones was the differing opinions on the condition of them. Arguing against Schaaffhausen’s writing, Virchow believed that the bones must be described oppositely because the “founders of new species or new types of organisms must be described as this” by his definition (Page 57-58).
Pathological
This type of stone tools were found with the Neandertal skeleton (Page 186). (hint: not flint)
Mousterian
This element of the Neandertal cranial anatomy lead observers to assume the individual had a background of savagery, as it was popularly believed that there was a link between the skull and character (Page 51).
Strong, bony brow ridge with a low forehead
Though definitely not the only, one of the reasons Boule’s assemblage of the “Old Man” skeleton was wildly inaccurate was due to the recent emergence of the study of functional anatomy, which studies what aspect of extinct species (Page 191).
Posture, gait and habitual behavior.
Mayer's argument against the skeleton being a Neandertal was that it most likely had this disease, which accentuated the curvature in it's legs (Page 58).
Rickets.
Boule’s findings lead to the incorrect belief that humans and Neandertals emerged from two separate lineages, becoming known as this theory (Page 195).
Pre-sapien theory.