Black Codes
Why did most black people have to sharecrop?
The land ownership laws made it hard for black people to own land so it forced them to remain economically dependent on white farmers.
What is total war? How did it impact the aftermath of the Civil War?
It is when an army wages war not just against the enemy's army but also against the civilian infrastructure and economy powering the opposing army. This meant the South was in ruins after the war.
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What were some weaknesses of Andrew Johnson?
Andrew Johnson was a bad president because he opposed rights for freed slaves, vetoed major civil rights laws, and let former Confederates regain power after the Civil War. His racism and lenient Reconstruction policies hurt progress toward equality, leading to his impeachment and lasting harm to the nation’s recovery.
What court case said "separate but equal" was ok?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Why are the apprentice laws bad?
The apprentice laws were bad because they were often used to oppress and control racial minorities, limiting their freedom and parental rights.
How many miles of Railroad was destroyed by the Union in the Civil War?
About 6,300, or 70% of the original 9,000 miles of railroad the South initially had. (You need to have both the 70% and the 9,000 mile statistic to get points for this question.)
What was the military reconstruction?
The Military Reconstruction Act was a set of laws that divided the former Confederate states into five military districts under Union generals to oversee Reconstruction.
Who took over after Lincoln died?
Andrew Johnson
True or False: In order for the southern states to rejoin the Union, they had to ratify all of the following: the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments.
True
What were the Vagrancy laws?
Black people could be, fined, imprisoned, and forced into a labor contract, if they were unemployed.
Which two major cities that we talked about were destroyed during the civil war?
Richmond, and Atlanta
Which general promised each black person 40 acres of land but did not keep his promise?
General Sherman
A government agency established in March 1865 to help formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South after the Civil War. It provided food, housing, medical aid, and established schools, and also offered legal assistance and attempted to help with land distribution.
What year did Lincoln get assassinated?
1865
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What did black people need to travel?
Passbooks
How did the collapse of the Confederate government impact the wealth of the south regarding monetary policy.
Many southerners held Confederate bonds and currency, which were rendered worthless after the war.
What year were the Reconstruction acts that Andrew Johnson tried to veto?
1867
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What year was United States v. Cruikshank, and what happened?
1876.
In U.S. v. Cruikshank, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights protects against infringement by the federal government, not by state governments or private citizens. Consequently, the Court dismissed charges against men who had conspired to murder African Americans, holding that the federal government could not prosecute them for violating state-based rights.
In some states (such as Alabama), a black person could be convicted of vagrancy if they couldn't prove they had a job for what period of time?
The next calendar year.
When and where specifically was the KKK formed?
Pulaski, Tenesse in December 1865
What was the name of the first all-black school in Richmond, VA, created by the Freedmen's Bureau?
Chimborazo
What was the full name of Abraham Lincoln's assassin?
John Wilkes Booth
What doctrines/court cases/interpretations did the South use to circumvent the 14th Amendment? Name at least one court case, and include the year and background of what triggered the case.
Note: you would have to mention the background of the case as well, but we didn't put it in because of length.
"Separate but equal" - Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
"State Action Doctrine" (14th only protects against discrimination by state governments, not individuals or corporations) - United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
Privileges and Immensities Clause of 14th Amendment Limiting: Protections under 14th limited to federal laws, states don't have to have laws that are the same for white and black people - Slaughterhouse cases (1873)