Lipids
What are the main elements found in lipids?
Mainly carbon and hydrogen (plus some oxygen at one end)
What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?
amino acids
What are the building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose)
What are the two main examples of nucleic acids?
RNA and DNA
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
Lipids are hydrophobic. What does “hydrophobic” mean?
“Water-fearing” or does not mix with water
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
peptide bond
What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Provide short-term energy
What are the building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
What do we call the area on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
What are the two main building blocks (monomers) of most lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What determines a protein’s shape and function?
The sequence of amino acids
Name two foods that are carbohydrates?
Pasta, potatoes, bread
What three parts make up a nucleotide?
pentose sugar, phosphate group, nucleotide base
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the __________.
activation energy
What is the main function of lipids in organisms?
Provide long-term energy and insulation
Give one example of a protein’s function in the body.
enzymes, structure, transport, defense, signaling
What type of carbohydrate is cellulose: monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide?
polysaccharide
What is the function of DNA?
Stores genetic information
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Too high or too low can reduce or stop enzyme activity
Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature—saturated or unsaturated fat?
Saturated fat
Denaturation happens when a protein loses its shape. Name one factor that can cause this.
Heat, pH change, or chemicals
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C₆H₁₂O₆
What elements are used in nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus CHONP
What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
It is unchanged and can be reused