ATP
What are the three components that make up ATP (nucleic acid)?
Adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.
What is the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
What is the main equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
What type of fermentation results in the production of ethanol?
Alcoholic fermentation
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
How is the energy in ATP released?
It is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) by breaking a bond between the 2nd - 3rd phosphate group.
What are the reactants in the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (6CO2) and water (6H2O).
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain (ETC)
What is lactic acid fermentation?
A process that occurs in muscles during intense exercise, causing muscle soreness due to lack of O2 for ATP generation..
What is the importance of cellular respiration?
Provides ATP energy for cellular functions and activities.
Where is the most ATP produced during cellular respiration?
In the mitochondria, primarily during the electron transport chain.
What are the outputs of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
NADPH and ATP are produced.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the primary location for fermentation to occur?
In the cytoplasm.
What is the importance of photosynthesis?
Captures and stores energy from the sun in the form of glucose.
What do NADH and FADH do in the electron transport chain?
They bring the energy (heat) by providing electrons that help generate ATP.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
It absorbs light energy and gives plants their green color.
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes?
Aerobic processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions, Calvin Cycle/Light Independent
How many ATP are generated from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
Approximately 36 - 38 ATP (net yield is around 32 - 34).
What is another name for the light-independent reaction?
Calvin Cycle
What is the output of the Krebs cycle?
CO2, energy carriers (NADH, FADH2), and 2 ATP
Describe the process of fermentation
Fermentation is an anaerobic process that produces 2 ATP molecules by converting glucose or sugars into acids (lactic), gases (CO2), or alcohol, used by organisms when oxygen is not available.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP