Consonants
Name the plosive consonants
Bonus point for the place of articulation.
p, b, k, d, t, g
p= Bilabial, unvoiced t= alveolar, unvoiced
b= Bilabial, voiced g= velar, voiced
k= velar, unvoiced
d= alveolar, voiced
What vowel is described Front, Close?
/iː/
Transcribe buy
/baɪ/
What is the three parameters of articulation
Place, Manner, Voicing
What is aspiration?
The little puff of air after a plosive
Name the nasal consonants
Bonus point for the place of articulation.
n, m, ŋ
n= alveorlar, unvoiced
m= bilabial, unvoiced
ŋ = velar, unvoiced
What vowel is described front, open?
/æ/
/gərl/
Describe the word "go"
/gəʊ/
Rest position: Jaw is lowered, voicing begins as the back of the tongue moves against the soft palate, as air pressure builds up air is released with weak plosion. The tongue moves from a central mid position towards a back closed position, the lips become rounded on the off-glide. Voicing stops and the vocal organs return to rest position.
What does VOT stand for?
Bonus point for a quick description of it.
Voice Onset Time
VOT (Is the time between release of an articulation)
Name the one lateral-approximant
Bonus point for the place of articulation and voicing.
l
- Alveolar + unvoiced
What vowel is described central, close + weakly rounded
/uː/
Transcribe house
noun=haʊs
verb = haʊz
Describe the word kill
/kɪl/
The velum is raised. The lower jaw drops as the mouth opens and the back of the tongue is raised to form a closure against the velum. Air pressure builds up behind the closure. The tongue drops with plosion to a close-mid, centralized front position.
After a delay of aspiration the vocal folds begin to vibrate. The lower jaw is raised very slightly and the tip of the tongue is brought up to make firm contact with the alveolar ridge while the sides are lowered, and the back of the tongue is raised close to the velum.
What are diphthongs?
And what usually happens when describing them?
Diphthongs are two vowels that combine to one vowel sound.
- The position of the tongue changes during the production of a vowel.
You would usually describe them as a glide
Name the central-approximants
Bonus point for the place of articulation.
r, j, w
r= Post alveolar + unvoiced
j= palatal + unvoiced
w=labial-velar + unvoiced
What vowel is described back, below close-mid + rounded
/ɔː/
Transcripe, "this is sweet"
"ðɪs ɪz swiːt"
Describe axe /æks/
Rest position: Velum is raised and the lower jaw drops as the tongue moves to an open, front position. The vocal folds begin to vibrate.
After a short vowel articulation, voicing stops as the jaw is slightly raised and the tongue moves to form a closure against the velum. Air pressure builds up, as the tongue moves to the alveolar ridge partially blocking airflow which is released with friction.
Clear vs Dark /l/, describe the difference?
A dark /l/ is when the back of tongue is lowered to the velum (while also touching the alveolar ridge)
A clear /l/ is where the tongue stays lower so that air passes along through the sides of the tongue (while also touching the alveolar ridge)
Name the affricates and all the fricatives.
ʧ= palato-alveolar, unv ʤ= palato-alveolar, voiced
f= labio-dental, unv v= labio-d, unv θ= dental, unv
ð= dental, unv s=alveolar, unv z= alveolar, voiced
h=glottal, unv ʃ=palato-alveolar, unv ʒ=palato-a unv
What vowel is described Back, between open-mid and open + rounded?
/ɒ/ Lot
transcribe "We can do this!"
/wiː kən duː ðɪs/
describe free /friː/
Rest position: Velum is raised, the upper teeth moves to the bottom lip partially blocking airflow creating friction.
Vocal cords starts vibrating, as the lower jaw drops and lips part, as the tongue moves to a front, open position. After a long vowel articulation, the vocal folds stop vibrating and the other vocal organs return to rest position.
f: fricative, labio-dental
r: central approx, post alveolar
i:= front close, long
Describe allophones
- The pronunciation depends on neighbouring sounds, position in the word and stress patterns