Rates of Reaction
What is the term for the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur?
What is activation energy?
What do we call the outermost shell of an atom?
The valence shell
Chromatography separates substances based on differences in ______.
What is polarity?
A substance with pH 2 is a strong what?
What is acid?
The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. This is the law of ______.
What is conservation of mass?
Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate because particles collide more often and with more ______.
What is energy?
What part of the atom is responsible for producing emission spectra?
What are electrons?
In flame tests, copper produces what colour flame?
What is green/blue-green?
What ion is responsible for acidic properties?
What is H⁺ (hydrogen ion)?
What type of reaction is CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂?
What is decomposition?
In the acid–carbonate reaction, what gas is produced?
What is carbon dioxide?
Why do different elements produce different colours in flame tests?
Because they have different electron energy level spacings.
Spectrometry works by measuring how much ______ a sample absorbs.
What is light?
What happens to the pH when an acid is diluted with water?
It increases (becomes less acidic).
One mole contains how many particles?
What is 6.02 × 10²³ (Avogadro’s number)?
Which factor affects the frequency of collisions by increasing the number of particles exposed?
What is surface area?
Which trend increases across a period: atomic radius or electronegativity?
What is electronegativity?
What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?
What is the paper (cellulose)?
Write the general word equation for an acid + metal carbonate reaction.
Acid + metal carbonate → salt + CO₂ + water.
In the reaction CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O, how many moles of HCl are required for 1 mole of CaCO₃?
What is 2 moles?
According to collision theory, name the two things required for a successful collision.
What are correct orientation and sufficient energy?
What feature of the periodic table tells you how many electron shells an atom has?
The period number (row number).
Why is ethanol used for dissolving ink samples in forensic analysis?
Because many ink pigments are soluble in ethanol but not in water.
Why does a strong acid react faster than a weak acid at the same concentration?
Because strong acids fully ionise, producing more available H⁺ ions.
The limiting reagent is the reactant that ______.
What is runs out first / determines how much product is made?