Approaches to speaking
Repeating, imitating, memorizing are the tasks of which approach?
Environmentalistic Approach
What is audience?
listener or listeners
What way of teaching spekaing uses ready information and situations?
Top-down
an activity where individuals act out a specific situation or take on the role of a character, either in a scripted or spontaneous manner, to explore a scenario
a role-play
Which approach promotes no spoken interaction but pronunciation and grammatical accuracy?
Environmentalistic approach
What are the purposes of speaking? List at least 3
To inform
To explain
To argue
To provoke
To entertain
To display abilities
To establish social connections
Which way of speaking expects students to extend using linguistic units presented by the teacher?
Bottom-up
a language learning or training method where participants engage in realistic situations to practice communication in a safe environment.
simulation
Which approach considers cultural backhgrouds of the learners and their politeness levels as important aspects of speaking?
Innatist
Constraints, conventions and resources tied with occasion e.g job interview, community meeting, academic debate etc
Occasion
The characteristics of speaking when there is a strong enthusiasm, drive, and determination to achieve goals, fueled by a sense of purpose and a belief in one's ability to succeed
High motivation
an exercise where a single person is required to speak continuously for an extended period, such as one to two minutes, on a given topic
a long-turn
This hypothetical tool allows children to quickly and unconsciously learn grammar and language rules by being exposed to it
Chomsky`s theory of development
Contextual factors affecting appropriacy of an utterance
pragmatic competence
Students being involved in speakinga activity and equally contributing
Even participation
a formal, structured discussion or competition between opposing sides on a specific topic, where each side presents arguments to persuade an audience or judge.
Debate
Recognized the relevance of the active process by which individuals build their own understanding of a subject rather than passively receiving information?
Innatist idea
Knowledge of how to produce an appropriate spoken text within a certain sociocultural context
Intercultural principle
a reluctance or hesitation to speak, often caused by fear, anxiety, and a lack of confidence
inhibition
Speaking activity when communication primarily focused on maintaining social relationships, rather than achieving a specific goal.
Interactional talk