Caffeine and Energy Drinks
This beverage naturally contains caffeine
A. Chamomile tea
B. Decaf coffee
C. Green tea
D. Lemonade
C. Green tea
This nutrient is typically found in citrus fruits and is commonly taken OTC during cold and flu season.
A. Vitamin C
B. Potassium
C. Vitamin A
D. Zinc
A. Vitamin C
Which macronutrient is the body’s primary fuel during high-intensity exercise?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Carbohydrates
D. Fiber
C. Carbohydrates
Which nutrient helps keep digestion regular?
A. Fiber
B. Cholesterol
C. Sodium
D. Vitamin A
A. Fiber
This macronutrient (when consumed in excess) can increase LDL cholesterol and heart disease risk.
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Fiber
C. Fat
This organ is primarily responsible for breaking down caffeine
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas
B. Liver
This mineral contributes to the oxygen-carrying capacity of your red blood cells.
A. Zinc
B. Magnesium
C. Iron
D. Calcium
C. Iron
Which electrolyte is lost in the greatest amount through sweat?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
B. Sodium
Which type of carb supports gut bacteria the most?
A. Refined sugars
B. Resistant starch
C. High-fructose corn syrup
D. Artificial sweeteners
B. Resistant starch
Deficiency of this vitamin is classically associated with night blindness and impaired immunity.
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
A. Vitamin A
This is one downside of drinking energy drinks quickly on an empty stomach.
A. Slower caffeine absorption
B. A faster spike in heart rate and blood pressure
C. Reduced alertness
D. Increased melatonin production
B. A faster spike in heart rate and blood pressure
The thyroid gland depends on this nutrient to make thyroid hormone, which is usually found in table salt.
A. Calcium
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin E
D. Iodine
D. Iodine
Protein is most important for which aspect of athletic performance?
A. Immediate energy during exercise
B. Muscle repair and recovery
C. Hydration
D. Electrolyte balance
B. Muscle repair and recovery
Which dietary pattern has the strongest evidence for supporting gut microbiome diversity?
A. High-protein, low-carb diets
B. Mediterranean-style diet
C. Full liquid-only diet
D. Carnivore-style eating
B. Mediterranean-style diet
High intake of sodium is most strongly linked to worsening which chronic condition?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Hypertension
C. Asthma
D. Parkinson disease
B. Hypertension
This reason is why energy drinks often include B-vitamins.
A. They significantly increase caffeine levels
B. They help with energy metabolism in the body
C. They prevent dehydration
D. They eliminate caffeine side effects
B. They help with energy metabolism in the body
Beriberi is a disease that is caused by a deficiency of this vitamin.
A. Vitamin B1
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin K
D> Vitamin D
A. Vitamin B1
Creatine supplementation is primarily used to improve:
A. Long-distance endurance
B. High-intensity, short-duration power
C. Flexibility
D. Balance
B. High-intensity, short-duration power
Which compound in onions, leeks, and garlic acts as a powerful prebiotic?
A. Inulin
B. Casein
C. Maltose
D. Glucose
A. Inulin
Long-term overconsumption of added sugars is most directly linked to which metabolic consequence?
A. Decreased insulin secretion
B. Increased insulin resistance
C. Permanent hypoglycemia
D. Increased basal metabolic rate
B. Increased insulin resistance
This energy drink generally contains the most sugar per can:
A. Sugar-free Red Bull
B. Celsius
C. Regular Monster
D. Black coffee
C. Regular Monster
Deficiency of this vitamin causes the “Four D’s”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death if left untreated.
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin B3
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin B2
B. Vitamin B3
For endurance athletes, carbohydrate loading is most effective when done:
A. 1-3 days before the event
B. 1 hour before the event
C. During the event only
D. 1 week before the event
A. 1-3 days before the event
Which nutrient helps strengthen the intestinal barrier by supporting colon cell (colonocyte) energy metabolism?
A. SCFAs, especially butyrate
B. Fructose
C. Omega-6 fats
D. Cholesterol
A. SCFAs, especially butyrate
A patient with celiac disease must avoid gluten to prevent damage to the small intestine. Gluten is primarily found in which combination of grains?
A. Rice, corn, and oats
B. Wheat, barley, and rye
C. Quinoa, millet, and sorghum
D. Buckwheat, amaranth, and teff
B. Wheat, barley, and rye