Enter Title

Tenses & Conditionals

100

This tense describes an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment, emphasizing duration.

 Present Perfect Continuous

200

 "If I ____ known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner."

had

300

This tense describes an action that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future.

 Future Perfect

400

"If he ____ studied harder at university, he would have a better job now."

'had' (Mixed Conditional - Past condition, present result)

500

This type of conditional combines a hypothetical past condition with a hypothetical present result.

 Mixed Conditional (Type 3 + Type 2)

Models & Speculation

100

You use this modal verb to express strong advice or a recommendation that something would be a good idea.

"should" or "ought to"

200

 "We ____ have bought so much food, as half of it went to waste."

didn't need to'

300

 This modal perfect expresses regret about an action you did or didn't do in the past.

should have + past participle

400

"I ____ listened to your advice; everything went wrong afterwards."

'should have'

500

"The lights are off, and I hear music; they ____ having a party."

must be

Reported Speech & Passive Voice

100

Direct: "I am going to the store." Reported: "She said she ____ going to the store."

was

200

"Are you coming?" Reported: "He asked ____ I was coming."

if' or 'whether

300

 Direct: "Please close the door." Reported: "He told me ____ the door."

'to close

400

 Direct: "We'll meet here tomorrow." Reported: "They said they would meet there ____."

the next day' or 'the following day'

500

 Direct: "Let's watch a movie." Reported: "She suggested ____ a movie."

'watching'

Connectors & Vocabulary

100

"I need to ____ up the exact meaning of this word in the dictionary."

look

200

This type of verb combines a main verb with a preposition or an adverb, often creating a meaning different from the individual words

phrasal verb

300

This linking phrase expresses unexpected contrast, similar to "although," but is followed by a noun or a gerund, not a clause.

"despite" or "in spite of

400

 ___the heavy traffic, we arrived at the airport on time.

'Despite' or 'In spite of'

500

"Some ancient languages are still spoken, ____ others have completely died out."

whereas' or 'while'