Respiratory infections & HIV/AIDS
Most important test in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, which can give information about the pathogen causing it
Chest X-ray
Physical and physiological protections that help keep pathogens away from the CNS but that can also make it harder for antibiotics to reach the CNS
Blood-brain barrier
Blood-CSF barrier
Most important component of Infection Prevention and Control practices in the hospital setting
Living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans. Many of them are bloodsucking insects
Vectors
Disease caused by unusual pathogens following immune deficiency caused by HIV infection
Opportunistic infections
Reason why we take precautions before lumber puncture in cases of suspected meningitis
Brain herniation
”Subset of sepsis in which particularly profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with greater risk of mortality”
Septic shock
Transmission event from a non-human animal to a human
Zoonotic spillover
Asymptomatic state that follows initial infection with M. tuberculosis and is detected through immunological testing
Latent TB infection
Part of the heart anatomy most commonly affected by infective endocarditis
Left valves
Blood test that indicates overall organ perfusion that is part of the sepsis bundle
Arterial lactate
Skin rash seen in 80% of acute cases of Lyme disease
Erythema migrant (bulls-eye rash)
Type of cells primarily affected by HIV infection
T-helper cells (CD4+ lymphocytes)
Gram-negative diplococci that is a common cause of meningitis and meningococcemia
N. meningitides
Bacterial structure targeted by beta-lactams
Peptidoglycan wall
Pathogenic mechanism implicated in cases of severe dengue / shock
Plasma leakage
Components of the CRB-65 protocol for identifying severe cases of CAP
Confusion
Respiratory rate ≥ 30
Blood pressure ≤90 / ≤ 60
Age ≥ 65
Two main components of confirmed diagnoses of infective endocarditis
Positive blood cultures
Evidence of bacterial vegetation in heart/valves
5 components of the sepsis bundle
Lactate level
Blood cultures
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Rapid administration of fluids
Vasopressors if hypotension (needs a central line for that)
Parasite most commonly involved in cases of severe malaria, found predominantly in the African continent
Plasmodium falciparum