Mechanisms of Evolution
Natural Selection, Mutation, Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, and Non-Random Mating.
What are the four main evidences of Evolution?
Fossil Evidence, Comparative Anatomy, Molecular Biology, and Embryology.
What is speciation?
What does the Hardy-Weinburg principle describe?
A population that does not evolve.
What is an adaptation?
A traits that increases survival and reproduction
What is genetic drift?
The random change in allele frequencies over time, driven by chance events and it drastically affects a small population.
What are the 3 stuctures in Comparative Anatomy?
Homologous, Vestigial, and Analagous.
What are the two main mechanisms of speciation?
Allopatric and Sympatic Speciation
Name on condition required for the Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium?
Random mating, no Natural Selection, no Gene Flow, no Genetic Drift, and no Mutation.
What type of adaptation help some organisms blend in with their surroundings?
Camoflauge
Which mechanism occurs when individuals choose mates based on traits?
Non-random mating
What does Embryology suggest?
Shared ancestry and common developmental pathways.
What type of speciation occurs when populations are separated physically?
Physical separation like a mountain range or maybe an avalanche.
Allopatric Speciation
If natural selection is favoring one allele in a population, can that population be in the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?
No, there shouldn't be any natural selection.
What does "fitness" mean?
The ability to survive and reproduce.
Which mechanism introduces new genetic variation into a population?
Mutation
What type of evidence compares bone structures of different species?
What type of speciation occurs when populations are separated but still are in the same geographic area?
Sympatric Speciation
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium say regarding how individuals choose their mates?
Mating must be random.
What is the single most important factor determining an individual's fitness in biological terms?
The amount of fertile offspring that survive and go on to reproduce.
What process causes organisms with beneficial traits to survive and reproduce more?
Natural Selection
What evidence shows similarities in DNA and proteins?
Molecular Biology
What is the difference between Prezygotic and Postzygotic barriers?
One is before fertilization and the other is after fertilization.
A population of frogs is told to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Which of the following conditions isn't needed for this to be true?
A. The population must be infinitely large.
B. Mating must be random.
C. Individuals can migrate freely between populations.
D. There is no natural selection acting on the traits.
C.
There should be no Gene Flow/migration for this to be true.
If a strong iguana has few offspring, is it more or less fit than a weaker iguana with many offspring?.
The weaker iguana with many offspring has more fitness.