Philip II: The Height of the Empire
Who is Philip II?
This king, son of Charles V, ruled from 1556–1598 and presided over the largest global empire of his time.
Who is the Duke of Lerma? Was this Philip III or Philip IV?
This chief minister, or valido, essentially governed Spain during Philip III’s reign.
Explain the War of Succession
Bourbons v. Habsburgs (1700-1714)
Catalonia and Aragon back the Habsburgs
Abolished regional privileges and created a French system of government
What year did this happen?
1808
Who's leadership did the Sack of Rome happen under?
Charles I/V
What is the Battle of Lepanto?
In 1571, Don Juan of Austria led Spain to victory over the Ottomans at this famous sea battle in which Cervantes fought.
What did the Treaty of Pyrenees establish? Was this Philip III or Philip IV?
The ongoing war with France ends with this treaty
Spain loses territory
Marriage:Philip IV’s daughter to Louis XIV (Sun King, Versailles)
Leads to the Bourbons later claim to Spanish crown
Who was the crown passed onto after Charles II's death? Which family was he apart of?
Philip V, Philip of Anjou
The Bourbon family out in place by the Treaty of Pyrenees after and the marriage of Louis XIV and Philip IV's daughter.
Made an agreement with Napoleon to voluntarily leave Spain, never told Spaniards and they got kicked out of Spain
Explain key parts of the Protestant Reformation?
1517 -> Martin Luther
95 theses
Criticized the indulgences granted by Pope Leo X
No saints, no miracles, no Virgin Mary
Criticized the Catholic hiearchy
Criticized the wealth of the Church
His ideas spread thanks to the printing press
Calvinism and Anglicanism
What territories did Philip II inherit from his parents?
Holy Roman Empire went to Uncle, King of Portugal
Philip II inherits Spain, North Italy, South Italy, America, Flanders, North Africa
Also...Later conquers the Phillipines Islands
Who was Philip IV's royal Painter?
Velazquez, Las Meninas
Charles III was king during what period?
Who takes over Spain after the royal family flees?
Napoleon makes his brother the King of Spain, ending (for now) this war between the French and Spain
Explain the 30 Year's War
(1618-1648)
Catholics v. Protestants in Europe (Prague)
Spain sides with Catholic powers and defends the Habsburgs to protect Catholicism
Financial and military decline at this time
Ends with Peace of Westphalia (1648) → Spain recognizes the independence of the Netherlands, leads to a decline of Spanish power
Explain the significance of the El Escorial
Built after the Battle of San Quintin to commemorate Spanish victory. Served as a Monestary, Palace, Library, museum, Church, Royal Pantheon (cemetary of the Royal Family), school…
1609 was the expulsion of the...
1609 Expulsion of Moriscos (Muslims who had converted to Christianity)
If you were not Christian you were forced to leave the country or convert, same as 1492
Disrupted the agriculture sectors and labor forces (again like 1492)
Charles III did what
”Best mayor of Madrid”
Reforms in Madrid → Cleaned the city, new sewage systems, plazas
Talk about the Ottoman invasion under Charles I
In the 15th century the Turks take Constantinople
The Turks arrive to Vienna causing Charles to quickly react and invest money and people into Vienna to protect the Spanish Empire
This reinforces the distrust and misunderstanding in Charles’ allocation of resources and control of the Spanish Crown
Where are Isabella and Ferdinand and Juana and Philip the Handsome buried?
Royal Cathedral in Granada
Who was Philip II's father?
Charles V
Which of these two was the Conde-Duque de Olivares?
Philip IV
Tell me about Charles IV
Loved hunting and collected clocks
Goya (Worked for Charles IV’s family)
Represented him as a weak man that was majorly influenced by his wife, The Queen
Talk about the Catholic Counter to the Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Meeting that lasted 18 years to discuss what they were going to do about the Protestant Reformation
Auhtority of the Pope is strengthened
Salvation by faith and good works rather than payment
The Seven Scarements
Virgins, Saints, and Miracles
Suddenly, the Virgin Mary appears everywhere
They need to reinforce the idea of traditional and new saints
Improvements in the clergy’s behavior and way of life
Inquisition and the Jesuits (Society of Jesus Christ) reformed and created to protect Catholiscism
well