Acts of the 1st 100 days of FDR
Relief, Recovery, Reform
What were the 3 objectives of the New Deal?
May 12, 1933-Sought to boost agricultural prices by encouraging farmers to produce less, but caused increased in unemployment and enraged the people.
What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act?
June 16, 1933-Aimed to stabilize the economy through industry codes, minimum wages, and collective bargaining rights, $30-40 cents/hour, child labor banned, 40 hour work week,...struck down by Supreme Court.
What was the National Recovery Administration?
Relief, Recovery, Reform
What were the 3 objectives of the New Deal?
A popular radio priest who intially supported FDR but turned critic, demanding monetary reform and nationalization of industries. Was eventually kicked off of radio due to antisemitic language supporting Hitler.
Who was Father Charles Coughlin?
Only permitted financially sound banks to reopen after federal inspection.
What is the Emergency Banking Relief Act?
Provided direct relief, including money and jobs, May 12, 1933...Harry Hopkins was a key player. The act was initially allocated $500 million by congress to be overseen by state relief organizations.
What is the Federal Emergency Relief Act?
June 16, 1933-Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and helped separate commercial and investment banking to prevent future crises. Guaranteed return of money of up to $5,000, if bank failed...money would be paid by congress.
What is the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act?
In response to Supreme Court invalidating several key components of New Deal legislation/often referred to as the "court packing plan."
What was FDR's Judicial Procedures Reform Bill?
Retired doctor (Californian physician) who proposed all people 60 and over would receive a monthly government stipend of $200...people had to spend all $200 monthly to pump funds back into the economy...laid the fuondation for social security. (1934)
Who was Dr. Francis Townsend?
Explained programs and plans to public in an effort to build public confidence in banking system.
What are fireside chats?
May 18, 1933-Built dams and power plants to control flooding, generate electricity, and improve living standards for people in the Tennessee Valley region...mainly farmers and sharecroppers.
What is the Tennesee Valley Authority?
November 9, 1933 - Temporarily created manual labor jobs for millions during the winter emergency of 1933-34...under Harry Hopkins...included jobs like leaf raking, ditch digging, building and improving airports and post office wall decorations.
What is the Civil Works Administration?
This phase included reforms like Social Security, labor rights, and more public works, focusing on long term economic security.
What was the Second New Deal?
The "Kingfish" of Louisiana who proposed a radical "Share Our Wealth" program which called for the redistribution of wealth (take from the surplus of the rich and distribute equally among all) This would allow all to have a car, house, TV, and annual income of $2-$3,000/year. He was elected govenor of LA in 1928, senator 1932, assassinated in 1935.
Who was Huey Long?
March 22, 1933-The law that legalized beer and wine, leading to new jobs and tax revenue before the full repeal of Prohibition and amended the Volstead Act. It also allowed for the sale of beverages with 3.2 alcohol content.
What is the Beer and Wine Revenue Act?
Encouraged industrial recovery and helped establish codes of "fair" competition. Was later deemed unconstitutional. Centralized economic planning w/ two parts Public Works Administration AND National Recovery Administration. June 16, 1933
What was the National Industrial Recovery Act?
August 14, 1935 - Established unemployment insurance, old-age pensions (65 and older), and assistance for the needy (aid to dependent children, handicap), Financed by payroll tax dollars. This was the FIRST time the government took responsibility for social welfare...laying the foundation for "welfare."
What is the Social Security Act?
may 6, 1935 - Provided Millions of jobs in construction, arts, theater, and literacy projects, and had a strong impact on infrastructure. Under Harry Hopkins. Most jobs were low-paying/temporary...created jobs in construction (bridges, roads, airports)...paid people to "do what they did best." Youth programs...gave over 8.5 million jobs and not handouts.
What was the Works Progress Act?
Benefitted some, though there was discrimination (as result of NRA codes). Many shifted to the democratic party. Payments primarily went to farmers who owned large acres. They were segregated from whites in Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), although they were part of the coalition.
How were African American affected by the New Deal?
March 31, 1933-Provided young men with jobs related to conservation and development of natural resources to reduce unemployment and improve public lands...men earned $30/month and sent 25% back home.
What is the Civilian Conservation Corps?
June 16, 1933-Funded large-scale public works projects (eg., bridges, schools, dams, highways, federal buildings, Golden Gate Bridge, Key West bridge,...). Set up industries, recovery, and unemployment relief.
What was the Public Works Administration?
June 25, 1938 - Set minimum wages, maximum hours, and restricted child labor, establisinh national labor standards. Min. wage $.40 per hr/max 40 hours/week with time and 1/2 for overtime.
What was the Fair Labor Standards Act?
July 5, 1935 Also known as the Wagner's Act, it strengthened workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively...also tried to help labor. (Second Deal)
What was the National Relations Act?
Gained new work opportunities but their roles were often secondary and challenges remained. Was encouraged by Eleanor Roosevely to form their own division in the Democratic party.
How were women affected by the New Deal?