Verb Rules
Verbs in Latin are categorized by group. What is this group called, and how many are there?
conjugation
4
How many principle parts are there?
4
the present tense endings are these.
O S T MUS TIS NT
BA
how do you translate the Imperfect tense
was ______ing
Latin verb endings change based on these two things:
person and number
The first principle part, the present indicative, ends in this letter.
O
The future tense has this signifier in the 1st and 2nd conjugations; the other 2 conjugations change from A to this letter.
BO, BI, BU
E
To build the perfect tense, you take this principle part and add ī, istī, it, imus, istis, erunt.
Perfect indicative (third)
How do you translate the perfect tense?
___________ed (past action)
tense
The second principle part, the present infinitive, ends in these two letters and translates to this.
RE
"to ________"
The pluperfect tense has this signifier
eram
The furture perfect tense has this signifier.
Ero, eris, erit
How do you translate the pluperfect?
had ____________ed
There are two types of voice in Latin: _______ and _______.
active and passive
The third principle part, the perfect indicative, tells us this tense.
perfect
The present passive system (pres, imp, fut) endings are these.
R, RIS, TUR, MUR, MINI, NTUR
The perfect passive system (perf, plup, fut perf) uses this principle part.
fourth
How do you translate the present passive tense?
is ________ed
irregular verbs are rare, but the most common one means "is/are" or "to be"
sum, esse, fuī (est/sunt)
The fourth principle part is the perfect passive participle. It is the foundation for this voice.
passive
The pluperfect uses this form of SUM.
Imperfect
The future perfect uses this form of SUM.
future
How do you translate the perfect passive tense?
have been/was _______ed