Maritime Technology
This navigation tool allowed sailors to determine latitude using the position of the sun.
What is the Astrolabe
This country pioneered Atlantic exploration along the African coast.
What is Portugal
Economic system focused on accumulating bullion and maintaining a favorable balance of trade.
What is mercantilism
Spain spread Catholicism through this group.
Who are missionaries
Diseases such as smallpox spread from this region to the Americas.
What is Afro-Eurasia
This ship design combined square and lateen sails, making long-distance ocean travel possible.
What is the caravel
This empire conquered the Aztecs and Incas and focused heavily on silver extraction.
What is Spain
This joint-stock company dominated trade in Southeast Asia.
What is the Dutch VOC
This Spanish colonial social hierarchy placed people of mixed ancestry below Europeans.
What is the Casta system
This crop from the Americas contributed to population growth in Europe and Asia.
Potatoes or Corn
This Chinese invention improved European naval warfare and conquest.
What is gunpowder
This empire built a powerful commercial network through joint-stock companies.
What is the Netherlands
This trade system forcibly transported millions of Africans to the Americas.
What is the Atlantic Slave Trade
This method of control involved monopolizing trade and restricting colonial economies.
What are mercantilist trade restrictions
This crop grown on plantations increased the demand for enslaved labor.
What is sugar
This technology allowed sailors to determine direction without seeing the sun or stars.
What is the magnetic compass
This empire used settler colonies in North America and plantation colonies in the Caribbean.
What is England
This labor system replaced enslaved Indigenous labor in Spanish colonies.
What is the encomienda system
Enslaved Africans preserved culture through this method.
What is (religious) syncretism
This animal transformed Indigenous hunting and warfare in the Americas.
What is the horse
This navigational knowledge was borrowed from Islamic and Chinese traditions.
What are astronomical charts
This empire controlled Brazil and key African ports but lacked strong population settlement.
What is Portugal
Silver mined here became central to global trade with China.
What is Potosi
Despite European dominance, this Asian empire limited European influence to trade ports.
What is the Qing Dynasty (China)
From a causation perspective, this long-term global result of the Columbian Exchange helped shift economic power toward Europe.
What is population growth