Mesopotamia
The land between two rivers
What does "Mesopotamia" mean ?
The rivers provided water for farming, transportation, and trade
Why were rivers important to the Sumerians ?
This ancient city was located near the Euphrates river in what is now southern Iraq
what is ur?
Nomads are people who move from place to place to find this.
What is food or water?
Pastoralism focuses on raising animals and a nomadic style, whilst farmers grow crops and typically stay in one place
what makes pastoralism different from agriculture?
The Tigris River and the Euphrates River.
Which two rivers is Mesopotamia between ?
They grew barley, wheats, dates, and vegetables.
What crops did the Sumerians grow ?
This stepped pyramid, built of mud bricks, was the religion center of Ur.
What is a ziggurat?
Before the Neolithic Age, most humans lived this type of lifestyle.
What is a nomadic lifestyle?
An advantage of pastoalism is that, it allows people who reside in harsh enviornments to survive albeit lack of crops and resources. On the other hand, droughts and lack of water can threaten livestock and life
what is one advantage of pastorlism and one disadvantage?
Clay tablets
What did Mesopotamians write on ?
Large temple built to honor the gods.
What is a ziggurat ?
The people of Ur used this early system of writing on clay tablets
What is cuneiform ?
The Neolithic Revolution marked the shift from nomadic life to this way of living
What is sedentary?
Climate and environment strongly influences pastoralism because pastoralists depend on natural grazing land and water resources in order to survive
how does climate and environment circumstances affect pastoralists?
A king who created Hammurabi Code and one of the first law codes.
Who was Hammurabi ?
Laws helped keep order and fairness in society.
What was the purpose of laws in Sumer ?
Ur became wealthy by exchanging goods such as wool, grain, and pottery through river and Persian Gulf trade routes
What is trade?
This major change allowed people to form villages and increase population size.
What is agriculture?
Pastoralists and farmers often trade with each other, pastor list, provide animal products, such as milk, meat, etc. And farmers can supply crops like grains and vegetables, both parties benefit.
How can nomadic people and pastoralists benefit from one another, albeit the drastic difference in life styles?
Irrigation allowed surplus crops, led to population growth, job specialization, and social classes
What role did irrigation play in Mesopotamian civilization ?
Kings and priests, merchants and artisans, farmers and enslaved people.
What social classes existed in Sumer ?
This moon god was worshipped at Ur, and the city's ziggurat was dedicated to him.
Who is nanna?
This type of shelter was used by nomads because it was easy to move.
What are tents or temporary shelters?
Government policies that restrict movement or favor farming often limit, and increase competition for resources pastoralist strive on, which can cause conflict or fatality.
How do government policies and laws affect the pastoralists?