Nucleic Acids
The two types of nucleic acids used in cells
What is DNA & RNA?
How animals store carbohydrates
What is glycogen?
A glyceride in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds between the carbon atoms
What is a saturated lipid?
What are amino acids?
The minimum energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
What is activation energy?
The three components of a nucleotide
What are a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group?
Two simple sugars joined together
What is a disaccharide?
Two fatty acids attached to a glycerol
What is a phospholipid?
A catalyst for chemical reactions
What are enzymes?
Two key macromolecules in the cell membrane
What are proteins and lipids?
Complementary base pairs for RNA
Adenine - Uracil (A-U) and Guanine - Cytosine (G-C)
Example of monosaccharides
What are glucose, fructose, or galactose?
Elements found in lipids
What are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
The molecule found in cell membranes that helps in cell identification
What is a glycoprotein?
Small molecules link together to form large chains
What is polymerization?
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template
What is transcription?
Example of polysaccharides
What are cellulose, starch, or glycogen?
The hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid
What are fatty acid tails?
The bond between monomers
What is a peptide bond?
Plants use this complex carbohydrate to form rigid cell walls.
What is cellulose?
Purines and pyrimidines as nitrogenous bases
What are guanine and adenine as purines, and what are cytosine, thymine, and uracil as pyrimidines?
A larger molecule forms two or more smaller molecules, and water is consumed as a reactant
What is hydrolysis?
Two major functions of a lipid
What are long-term energy storage and cell membrane structure?
A chemical reaction in which two smaller molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule, following the release of water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
The number of amino acids that build up into proteins
What is 20?