The Renaissance
This movement focused on art, learning, and the importance of humans.
The Renaissance
Enlightenment thinkers believed society should be guided by this.
Reason
This invention powered early factories.
Steam engine
This invention helped spread ideas more quickly in early modern Europe.
The printing press
This idea means things stay the same over time.
Continuity
The key Renaissance idea that emphasised human potential.
Humanism
Name ONE Enlightenment thinker.
John Locke / Voltaire / Mary Wollstonecraft
People moved from the countryside to these places for factory work.
Cities
Modern technology connects people across the world using this system.
The internet
This idea means things change over time.
Change
What type of knowledge did Renaissance scholars rediscover?
Classical (Greek and Roman) learning
Enlightenment thinkers supported education and these basic freedoms.
Individual rights
Name ONE social or environmental problem caused by industrialization.
Pollution / overcrowding / inequality
Give ONE positive effect of technology on society.
Better communication / access to information / increased productivity
Give ONE example of change caused by new ideas
Humanism, Enlightenment rights, industrial technology
Explain ONE way the Renaissance changed how people viewed the world.
People began to value reason, creativity, and individual achievement more than medieval religious explanations alone.
Explain ONE way Enlightenment ideas challenged traditional authority.
They argued that power should come from laws and reason rather than religion or absolute monarchy.
Explain how industrialization changed work.
Factory work replaced home-based labour, with long hours, machines, and wage labour.
Give ONE negative effect of technology on society.
Isolation / inequality / environmental damage
Explain ONE similarity between the Renaissance and Enlightenment.
Both valued reason, learning and questioning traditional beliefs.
Explain why the Renaissance is seen as a turning point in European history.
It marked a shift from medieval thinking to human-centred learning, encouraging science, art and critical thinking that influenced later movements.
Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced political change.
They inspired revolutions and reforms by promoting equality, rights and representative government.
Explain how industrialization both improved and worsened people’s lives.
It increased production and economic growth but also created poor working conditions, pollution and social inequality.
Explain why technological progress often creates new problems
New technologies change society faster than laws and habits can adapt, creating social and economic challenges.
Compare how ideas and technology changed society in two different periods.
Both periods used new ideas to improve life, but also created new challenges, such as political conflict or social inequality.