Vocabulary
This word means the refusal to obey a law as a form of protest.
civil disobedience
Name the tactic Dr. King promoted that uses peaceful methods like marches and boycotts.
nonviolent resistance (or nonviolence)
In "The Ballot or the Bullet," Malcolm X offers two options for change. What did he mean by this title?
Name the Supreme Court case that ruled "separate is not equal." This ended school segregation.
Brown v. Board of Education
What year did Rosa Parks refuse to give up her seat, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
1955 (Dec. 1, 1955)
Term meaning the separation of people based on race (often enforced in the South by laws)
segregation
Dr. King said nonviolence helps expose injustice and gain sympathy. Name one city where nonviolent tactics led to important gains.
Montgomery or Birmingham
Malcolm X argued people have the right to do this when the government fails to protect their lives and property. What is it?
self-defense (or defend themselves)
Which 1964 law banned segregation in public places and created protections against employment discrimination?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Name the nonviolent tactic that black students used at lunch counters in various restaurants in the south.
sit-in
The movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North in the 20th century is called the ____
Great Migration
According to the lesson text, what was Dr. King's goal for Black and white people living in America?
beloved community (or "integration" / "integration, not overthrow")
Malcolm X insisted the Constitution already allowed a certain right helpful to self-defense. What is it?
the right to own rifles/shotguns (Second Amendment / right to bear arms)
What group of people entered into the Birmingham protests that swayed nationwide public opinion on the segregationists' acts in Alabama?
school aged children
What group was the police commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor of Birmingham associated with that he allowed to meet protestors stepping off of buses?
The KKK
A word meaning a community-level movement, often starting with ordinary people organizing locally
grassroots
In Dr. King’s view, why was nonviolence a better strategy than violent retaliation?
Because nonviolence dramatized injustice with minimal loss of life and gained broad public sympathy
What did Malcolm X consider "criminal?"
When others in power are blocking our access to resources we need, that's criminal.
What did the Supreme Court decision in Browder v. Gayle (1956) rule about bus segregation in Montgomery?
It found bus segregation unconstitutional (led to desegregation of Montgomery buses)
What percentage of riders on the Montgomery buses were black/
75%
This set of laws introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries enforced racial segregation in Southern states.
Jim Crows Laws
Dr. King described building a "beloved community." Explain in one sentence what he meant by that, using age-appropriate language.
He meant a community where people of all races live together with justice, equal opportunity, and without fear.
Explain, in one or two sentences, Malcolm X’s reasoning for when nonviolence is acceptable and when he believed a different response might be justified.
He stated he would be nonviolent with those who are nonviolent toward him, but when attacked or when the government failed to protect Black people, he argued they had a right to defend themselves (answers may paraphrase using those points)
Where did Marcus Garvey hoped to bring the black people of America?
Back to Africa
How did media images sent out from the protests at Birmingham (with fire hoses, dogs, etc.) impact public opinion about the Civil Rights Movement?
Photographs and televised images of police using fire hoses and dogs made the brutality visible to the whole nation and world, increasing sympathy for protesters and pressuring political leaders to act. (Accept responses that describe increased public sympathy and political pressure.)