Cell Types & Viruses
What type of cell contains organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cell
What type of lipid makes up cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What pigment captures sunlight in plants?
Chlorophyll
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
Which organelle is found in plant cells and helps maintain structure?
Cell wall
What type of carbohydrate is used for long-term energy storage in animals?
Glycogen
During photosynthesis, what molecule is split to produce oxygen?
Water (H₂O)
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
A–T and C–G
What is the process of crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
What is the protein coat that surrounds a virus called?
Capsid
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
S phase (synthesis)
What type of cell results from differentiation of a stem cell?
Specialized cell (e.g., muscle, nerve, or blood cell)
What is one reason viruses are considered nonliving?
considered nonliving?They cannot reproduce independently
What term describes a molecule that binds to an enzyme’s active site?
Substrate
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The products of one are the reactants of the other
What enzyme unzips DNA during replication?
Helicase
What determines which genes are expressed in a cell?
Which genes are turned on or off
What process do bacteria use to reproduce asexually?
Binary fission
What happens to an enzyme if the temperature is too high?
It denatures (loses its shape)
In which organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What happens during mitosis?
The nucleus divides, creating two identical nuclei
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?
It produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), ensuring genetic diversity