Marshes
How deep can Freshwater Marshes be?
6 feet
Swamps are dominated by what types of plants?
Woody plants such as trees and shrubs
Bogs are ‘rain-fed’ systems. What is another word for this?
Ombrotrophic
What were Carolina bays formed by?( According to theory’s )
Strong winds or meteorite strikes
What is another name for the Southern Bottomland Forest?
Southern Floodplain Forests
Which seasons are vernal pools filled with rainwater?
Winter and spring
What 3 factors are most important in identifying an area as a wetland?
3"H's" - hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation.
When soils are saturated with water they are considered to be ___________ which means an lacking oxygen.
anaerobic
Pocosin is an Algonquin Native American name meaning what?
“swamp on a hill”
Freshwater marshes are dominated by what?
Herbaceous plants
Bald Cypress trees are easily identified by their what?
Knees (Roots that extend above the water level)
What are 3 carnivorous plants that can be found in bogs?
Venus flytrap, pitcher plant, and sundew
It is now estimated that ____________ amount of Carolina bays are in some areas of NC
500,000
What type of wetland is the Southern Bottomland Forest?
Riverine
Name the endangered species vernal pools provide homes for?
Tiger marbled salamander easter newts, ornate chorus frogs, gopher frogs, spring peepers
What does the prefix "hydro" mean?
refers to water
What mineral will react with oxygen to form rust that gives the soil the mottle shades of red, orange, and yellow?
iron
What type of wetland is a pocosin?
Palustrine
An opening in the limestone rock formed by it dissolving over time is called what?
A Limestone sink
The process of change from Wetlands to a Dryer Ecosystem is called what?
Succession
The rarest of NC wetlands are called Mountain Bogs. What is another name for them?
‘Appalachian Bogs'
What is another name for Carolina bays
Delmarva bays
What animals with large home ranges use these forests as wildlife corridors?
Black bear, wild turkey, and bobcat
What are estuaries?
Estuaries are where freshwater meets and mixes with salt water they occur at the mouths of rivers
An example of a wetland area that may flood on a recurring basis or only rarely is called what?
flood plain
What 2 trees have special root structures that stick up into the air to obtain oxygen?
Mangrove and cypress trees
Pocosins are formed by the accumulation of organic matter resembling black muck called what?
peat
Spartina grass has adapted to cope with salt water. What type of plant is it?
Halophytic
Alder trees have nodules on their roots that contain what?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
TRUE or FALSE. Mountain bogs are NOT precipitation-fed, rather they are groundwater fed.
TRUE
What is the size range of Carolina bays
Few hundred feet to about 6 MILES IN LENGTH :0
How many commercial species of trees grow in the Southern Bottomland Forest?
70
In estuaries the saltier denser water goes on the bottom and less dense fresh water goes on top this is known as the ________________?
Salt wedge
An example of a routinely wet/dry areas that experience tidal (lunar) cycles are called what?
tidal marshes
Scientists have classified wetland ecosystems into what 5 major systems?
1. Marine
2. Estuarine
3. Lacustrine
4. Riverine
5. Palustrine
Pocosins are ecosystems that are dependent on what every few years?
fire
This makes the salt marsh one of the most fertile ecosystems on the planet.
Muck (Decomposition of animal waste and thick marsh vegetation)
What has over 112,684 acres and is believed to be 10,000 years old?
The Great Dismal Swamp
Bogs have spongy __________ deposits, _______ waters and a thick carpet of __________ moss.
peat; acidic; sphagnum
Name all the lakes that are formed by a Carolina bay
Lake waccamaw, bay tree lake, white lake, horse shoe lake, little Singletary lake
List some threats that have destroyed these forests?
Conversion to agricultural use and commercial forestry tree farms, construction of dams
Where do estuaries occur?
At the mouths of rivers
What mineral reacts with the oxygen producing the black mottles in the soil?
manganese
What percent of NC is considered wetland AND what region of NC contains 95 percent of these wetlands?
17%; Coastal Plain
TRUE or FALSE. An accurate description of a pocosin would be a "raised bog."
TRUE