Heredity
Which statement describes the genetic characteristics of an organism's muscle cells and the cells of its stomach lining?
D. Both types of cells contain the same DNA, but different genes are only active in each cell type.
Carbohydrates are required by many organisms for survival. What is the main function of carbohydrates in these organisms?
A. To provide energy for life processes
The cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among four animals and some of the traits they share. Which two animals share the most traits and what traits do they share?
C. Whale and hippopotamus
Vertebrae, jaws, mammary glands
The graph shows the population of adult bald eagles in the United States, not including Alaska, from 1965 to 2005. Which statement is supported by the data in the graph?
D. The eagle population has not yet reached its carrying capacity.
House sparrows were introduced into the United States less than 200 years ago. They successfully spread because of their ability to reproduce quickly, disperse effectively, establish easily in new environments, and compete aggressively with other species. House sparrows have no migration pattern, so scientists observe populations living in different locations to determine similarities between species. The graphs show the color and size of house sparrows observed by scientists in northern and southern parts of the country. Which factor, based on the data shown in the graphs, supports the differences in the house sparrows?
B. Adaptation to different climates
One of the most significant distinctions between different life-forms on Earth is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which feature shown in the diagram indicates that the cell is eukaryotic?
B. Nucleus
Jumping spiders currently live in three isolated wooded mountain tops (R, S, T) in southern Arizona. Studies suggest that around 10,000 years ago, these mountaintops were connected as one continuous wooded area, as shown in the maps...
One measure of reproductive success is the number of offspring that survive to reproductive age (the number of viable offspring). Scientists artificially pair spiders from each population for mating and count the number of viable offspring. Which graph of offspring viability supports the scientists' claim that sexual selection is influencing speciation?
A.
A. The extinction rate of all vertebrates has increased from 1500 to 1960.
Fireflies and other organisms are able to glow in the dark due to an enzyme they produce. Scientists and inventors want to incorporate this enzyme into plants. The altered plants could be used as living street lamps and other illumination. Which procedure should be used to incorporate the glow enzyme into the plants? Which explanation supports the use of the procedure chosen?
C. Placing the gene for the glow enzyme into the genome of the zygotes from which the plants will grow.
B. An organism can only display a trait if a gene for that trait is present in its DNA.
Students placed different sugar solutions in each of four test tubes, and placed distilled water in a fifth test tube. Then, they added an equal number of yeast cells to each test tube. The students placed the test tubes in a water bath to ensure they were at the same temperature. Which measurement would help the students compare the metabolism of the sugars by yeast?
A. The amount of carbon dioxide released from each solution
Jumping spiders currently live in three isolated wooded mountain tops (R, S, T) in southern Arizona. Studies suggest that around 10,000 years ago, these mountaintops were connected as one continuous wooded area, as shown in the maps...
Scientists hypothesize that the climate across southern Arizona was much cooler and wetter 10,000 years ago. Which statement describes how the change in habitat affected speciation in the spider population?
D. This change introduced barriers to gene flow between the moutaintops.
Biologists are studying an area in Virginia that once experienced a local extinction of the elk population due to overhunting and loss of habitat. In response to the local extinction, 75 elk from another state were relocated to Virginia. After several years, the population had more than tripled in size. Now, the biologists propose introducing a small population of elk from different location into the area. How will this introduction most likely affect the local elk population?
B. Genetic diversity will increased in the population and reduce the chance of local extinction.
The alleles for three feather patterns in ducks is shown in the table. A farmer knows that the dusky pattern is recessive to both of the other patterns. The farmer wants to determine the relationship between the mallard and restricted-pattern alleles. The farmer incubates eggs from a cross between a restricted female and a mallard male. The color patterns of the offpspring are shown in the table.
PART A: Complete the punnett square and show the cross between the two ducks.
FRfd x FMfd = 1 FRFM, 1 FRfd, 1 FMfd, 1 fdfd
A taste tub is a cluster of different taste-sensing receptor cells. Each receptor cell has hairlike extensions that come in contact with food molecules on the surface of the tongue. Which statement explains why a salt-sensing cell is able to sense different molecules compared to a sweet-sensing cell?
A. The salt-sensing cell produces different proteins than the sweet-sensing cell.
Jumping spiders currently live in three isolated wooded mountain tops (R, S, T) in southern Arizona. Studies suggest that around 10,000 years ago, these mountaintops were connected as one continuous wooded area, as shown in the maps...
A scientist claims that the male spiders' mating dances contribute to the increasing speciation among the jumping spiders. Which statement describe evidence that will further support the scientists' claim?
D. Mating among different populations fails to occur when the three populations are reintroduced to each other.
Fresh water is crucial from the growing of fruit. Scientists predict that the amount of and access to fresh water in growing regions is going to decrease. Farmers and scientists combine breeding and genetics to develop plants that can better survive water stress...
PART A: Select two tools that were the most important for collecting data revelent to the apple breeders?
PART B: Scientists use the tools identified in Part 1 to collect data from the apple plants. Select two conclusions that scientists can make from an analysis of the data collected.
PART A: Tools S & T
PART B:
Desirable traits have been isolated from similar data-collecting techniques and used to enhance apple plant phenotypes.
There is high genetic biodiversity of apple plants as shown by the differences in water use efficiency in a small geographical area.
The alleles for three feather patterns in ducks is shown in the table. A farmer knows that the dusky pattern is recessive to both of the other patterns. The farmer wants to determine the relationship between the mallard and restricted-pattern alleles. The farmer incubates eggs from a cross between a restricted female and a mallard male. The color patterns of the offpspring are shown in the table.
PART B: Select all of the conclusions that support the cross in Part A.
Neither parents has a homozygous genotype.
None of the mallard-pattern offspring will carry the restricted allele.
A scientist observes cells under a microscope. She adds specific dyes to cell samples, which cause certain cell parts to change color. Dye A stains mitochondria orange and Dye B stains a bacterial cell wall purple. The table shows her results after treating the cell samples on four different slides with both dyes. Which sample is an accurate identification of the cell type based on the results in the table?
B. Sample 2: eukaryotic cells
Fresh water is crucial from the growing of fruit. Scientists predict that the amount of and access to fresh water in growing regions is going to decrease. Farmers and scientists combine breeding and genetics to develop plants that can better survive water stress...
PART C: How could apple plants be impacted in the future based on the data?
D. The genetic biodiversity of apple plants could decreased as farmers selectively breed plants with better water-use efficiency.