Name That Nephron!
Biopsy Bingo
Trial and Error
Treat It or Leave It
Pathways to Proteinuria
Harm in the Pharm
Grab Bag
100
The most common glomerular disease worldwide, often presenting with gross hematuria after URI.
What is IgA nephropathy?
100
Immunofluorescence shows “full house” pattern.
What is lupus nephritis?
100
This trial showed benefit of dapagliflozin in CKD patients, including those with IgA nephropathy.
What is DAPA-CKD?
100
First-line supportive therapy for all proteinuric glomerular diseases.
What is RAAS blockade (ACEi or ARB)?
100
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
These genetic variants are associated with high risk of FSGS in African ancestry.
What are APOL1 risk alleles?
100
This class of drugs, first-line for proteinuria, can cause hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury—especially when volume-depleted.
What are ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
100
Severe, diffuse podocyte foot process effacement causes this clinical syndrome.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
200
This disease presents with linear IgG staining on IF and anti-GBM antibodies in serum.
What is anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture's)?
200
This glomerular disease is characterized by thickened capillary loops on light microscopy, subepithelial immune complex deposits on EM, and granular IgG and C3 staining on immunofluorescence.
What is membranous nephropathy?
200
This large RCT found no benefit of plasma exchange in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis.
What is PEXIVAS?
200
Used for remission maintenance in ANCA vasculitis after induction.
What is rituximab or azathioprine?
200
Genetic or acquired dysregulation of this innate immune pathway is the key driver of C3 glomerulopathy.
What is the alternative complement pathway?
200
High cumulative doses of this alkylating agent can increase the risk of infertility and bladder cancer.
What is cyclophosphamide?
200
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
In AL amyloidosis, this light chain type is more commonly deposited, and is typically identified by immunofluorescence or mass spectrometry on kidney biopsy.
What is lambda light chain?
300
What is collapsing FSGS (or collapsing glomerulopathy)?
300
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
What are tubuloreticular inclusions?
300
This European trial in lupus nephritis demonstrated that a low-dose, short-course IV cyclophosphamide regimen was as effective as high-dose NIH protocol.
What is the Euro-Lupus Nephritis trial?
300
This corticosteroid, designed with a targeted-release formulation to act on gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the ileum, has been shown to reduce proteinuria and eGFR decline in patients with IgA nephropathy, as demonstrated in the NefIgArd trial.
What is budesonide?
300
Recent research has identified autoantibodies against this key slit diaphragm protein in a subset of adults with minimal change disease, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.
What is nephrin?
300
This monoclonal antibody used in ANCA vasculitis and membranous nephropathy can cause late-onset neutropenia.
What is rituximab?
300
On kidney biopsy, this condition shows Congo red–positive deposits with apple-green birefringence under polarized light and randomly arranged non-branching fibrils ~10 nm on EM.
What is renal amyloidosis?
400
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
This is a putative target antigen in membranous nephropathy associated with autoimmune disorders and portends a better prognosis
What is exostosin 1/exostosin 2?
(will also accept neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) or Type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR3)
400
What is Fabry's Disease?
400
This trial showed rituximab was non-inferior to cyclosporine at 12 months and superior to cyclosporine at 24 months in patients with membranous nephropathy.
What is MENTOR?
400
This oral C5a receptor antagonist was shown in the ADVOCATE trial to be non-inferior to prednisone for inducing remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis—while reducing glucocorticoid toxicity.
What is avacopan?
400
These two agents—one a dual ERA/ARB, the other a selective ETA receptor antagonist—target the endothelin-1 pathway to reduce proteinuria in conditions like IgA nephropathy.
What are sparsentan and atrasentan?
400
Inhibition of this angiogenic factor, often targeted in cancer therapy with agents like bevacizumab, can lead to glomerular diseases such as thrombotic microangiopathy and collapsing FSGS.
What is VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)?
400
Mutations in genes encoding the α3, α4, or α5 chains of type IV of collagen cause this hereditary glomerular disease characterized by thinning and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane and often secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
What is Alport's syndrome?
500
Both iptacopan and pegcetacoplan were recently approved by the FDA for this glomerular disorder.
What is C3 glomerulopathy?
500
This rare glomerular disease is characterized by organized microtubular deposits >30 nm in diameter on electron microscopy, often arranged in parallel arrays—distinguishing it from fibrillary GN.
What is immunotactoid glomerulopathy?
500
The phase 2 ENVISION trial studied this monoclonal antibody targeting APRIL, showing significantly greater reduction in proteinuria than placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy.
What is sibeprenlimab?
500
This anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was shown to be more efficacious than standard therapy alone in active lupus nephritis.
What is obinutuzumab?
500
These two B-cell activating cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy by promoting Gd-IgA1 production—and are the targets of drugs like atacicept and telitacicept.
What are BAFF and APRIL?
500
Exposure to mercury-containing facial whitening cream has been linked to this form of membranous nephropathy, often seronegative for PLA2R antibody.
What is NELL-1-assoicated membranous nephropathy?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
This heat shock protein has emerged as a highly specific immunohistochemical marker for fibrillary glomerulonephritis, helping distinguish it from amyloidosis and other mimickers.
What is DNAJB9?