Large Animal Models
In domestic swine, the majority of the thymus is located primarily in the:
A) Thorax (mediastinum)
B) Neck (cervical region)
C) Abdomen (perirenal area)
D) Inguinal region
A) Thorax (mediastinum)
B) Neck (cervical region)
C) Abdomen (perirenal area)
D) Inguinal region
Thymus and Thyroid gland locations are swapped
Which model is used to study type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat?
A. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF)
B. Zucker Obese (Zucker fatty)
C. Brattleboro
D. Wistar-Furth
A. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF)
B. Zucker Obese (Zucker fatty) - Obesity
C. Brattleboro - Diabetes insipidus
D. Wistar-Furth - Mononuclear cell leukemia
Which of the following is not required to be on an offical dog tag
A) Numbers identifying the animal
B) The date of acquisition
C) The letters "USDA"
D) Numbers identifying the State and dealer, exhibitor, or research facility
A) Numbers identifying the animal
B) The date of acquisition
C) The letters "USDA"
D) Numbers identifying the State and dealer, exhibitor, or research facility
The official tag shall be made of:
Durable alloy such as: brass, bronze, or steel, or of a durable plastic.
Aluminum of a sufficient thickness to assure the tag is durable and legible may also be used.
Circular in shape and not less than 1.25 inches in diameter
Oblong and flat in shape and not less than 2 inches by 3⁄4 inch
In a choice test, scototaxis refers to a zebrafish tendency to
A. Prefer moving toward darkness
B. Prefer moving toward higher salinity
C. Prefer moving toward warmer water
D. Prefer moving upward in the water column
A. Prefer moving toward darkness
B. Prefer moving toward higher salinity
C. Prefer moving toward warmer water
D. Prefer moving upward in the water column
Rabbits are notable for lacking which immunoglobulin isotype?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgD
D. IgM
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgD
D. IgM
Always IgD!!!
How many chromosomes do Pigs have?
A) 38
B) 40
C) 54
D) 60
A) 38
B) 40 - Mice
C) 54 - Sheep
D) 60 - Goats/Cows
The Gunn rat example corresponds to which hyperbilirubinemia pattern and mechanism?
A. Conjugated; uptake defect (Gilbert-like)
B. Conjugated; excretory defect (Dubin–Johnson-like)
C. Unconjugated; lack of UDP glucuronyltransferase (Crigler–Najjar-like)
D. Unconjugated; divalent metal transporter deficiency
A. Conjugated; uptake defect (Gilbert-like)
B. Conjugated; excretory defect (Dubin–Johnson-like)
C. Unconjugated; lack of UDP glucuronyltransferase (Crigler–Najjar-like)
D. Unconjugated; divalent metal transporter deficiency
How many dogs (at least 8 weeks of age) can be transported by ground in a single primary enclosure?
A) 1 if at least 9 kg
B) 2 if less than 9 kg
C) 4
D) 12
A) 1 if at least 9 kg - true if by air
B) 2 if less than 9 kg - true if by air
C) 4 - also correct by ground or *privated owned* aircraft
D) 12 - number of unconditioned dogs in primary enclosure when not being transported
In a recirculating aquaculture system, the component most associated with removing odors/colors is typically
A. Mechanical filter media
B. Activated carbon
C. UV filtration
D. Biofiltration bacteria
A. Mechanical filter media
B. Activated carbon
C. UV filtration
D. Biofiltration bacteria
Which rabbit model is characterized by hypercholesterolemia due to a defective LDL receptor?
A. Dutch Belted
B. Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit
C. St. Thomas mixed hyperlipidemic (SMHL) rabbit
D. Spotted “English” rabbit
A. Dutch Belted - hemolytic–uremic syndrome and Ketamine/Xylazine Cardiomyopathy
B. Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit
C. St. Thomas mixed hyperlipidemic (SMHL) rabbit - Hypercholesteremia with normal LDL
D. Spotted “English” rabbit - cowpie syndrome
Who is a natural model for Hirschsprung disease?
A) Fainting Goats
B) Armadillos
C) Paint horses
D) Gunn Rats
A) Fainting Goats - Thomson's disease
B) Armadillos - Hansen's disease
C) Paint horses - Lethal white foal syndrome
D) LEC Rats - Wilson's disease
The control strain for the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is
A. Wistar Kyoto
B. Long-Evans
C. Sprague-Dawley
D. Wistar-Furth
A. Wistar Kyoto
B. Long-Evans
C. Sprague-Dawley
D. Wistar-Furth
A dealer acquires a dog from a private shelter. The dog has not already completed any dealer holding period. What minimum holding period must the dealer apply before disposition?
A. 24 hours
B. 5 full days
C. 5 full days including a saturday
D. 10 full days
D. 10 full days
Pounds/shelters (and research facilities licensed as dealers) must hold the animal at least 5 full days and the period must include at least one Saturday, before providing it to a dealer.
A research facility that obtains dogs/cats from sources other than dealers, exhibitors, and exempt persons must hold them at least 5 full days before use
A dealer or exhibitor must hold any acquired dog/cat at least 5 full days, or if from a private or contract pound/shelter, then 10 full days, before disposition. If the animal has already completed a hold, then 24 hours.
For a marine-system heat exchanger, the material noted as proven suitable is
A. Aluminum
B. High titanium
C. Copper
D. 316 stainless steel
A. Aluminum
B. High titanium
C. Copper
D. 316 stainless steel
304 or 316 stainles steel is commonly used in rodent plumbing, occasionally alluminum, 316 contains molybdenum to increase corrosion resistance
In rabbit enteric disease, which pathogen is the most common cause of diarrhea and associated with an iota toxin?
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium spiriforme
D. E. coli O15:H
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium spiriforme
D. E. coli O15:H
Within small ruminants, which ordering reflects highest → lowest sensitivity to the effects of xylazine
A) Goats > cattle > sheep
B) Goats > sheep > cattle
C) Sheep > goats > cattle
D) Cattle > goats > sheep
A) Goats > cattle > sheep
B) Goats > sheep > cattle
C) Sheep > goats > cattle
D) Cattle > goats > sheep
Which epilepsy model is used for childhood absence epilepsy (“petit mal”)?
A. GEPR/9
B. GEPR/3
C. WAG/Rij
D. Lewis (LEW)
A. GEPR/9
B. GEPR/3
C. WAG/Rij
D. Lewis (LEW)
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the AWA's guidelines for suspended floors in dog primary enclosures?
A) Metal strands must be >1/8 of an inch in diameter
B) Metal strands must be coated with plastic or fiberglass if they do not meet the minimum diameter
C) Metal strands must be at least 9 gauge
D) Metal strands cannot be used when nursing puppies are present
A) Metal strands must be >1/8 of an inch in diameter
B) Metal strands must be coated with plastic or fiberglass if they do not meet the minimum diameter
C) Metal strands must be at least 9 gauge
D) Metal strands cannot be used when nursing puppies are present
If the suspended floor of a primary enclosure is constructed of metal strands, the strands must either be greater than 1⁄8 of an inch in diameter (9 gauge) or coated with a material such as plastic or fiberglass.
Which UV band is characterized as germicidal
A) UV-A
B) UV-B
C) UV-C
D) The entire UV spectrum
A) UV-A - produces pigment
B) UV-B - reptiles, cataracts
C) UV-C - 100-280 nm
D) The entire UV spectrum
Which rabbit structure can be easily damaged by rough/incorrect endotracheal intubation, risking mucosal injury?
A. Arytenoid cartilages
B. Hamuli epiglottici
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Soft palate
A. Arytenoid cartilages
B. Hamuli epiglottici
C. Cricoid cartilage
D. Soft palate
According to a recent journal article, volatile anesthesia porcie stress syndrome may be use to a mutation in what gene?
A) Dantroline
B) Dystrophin
C) Dysferlin
D) Troponin
A) Dantroline
B) Dystrophin
C) Dysferlin
D) Troponin
For Parkinson’s disease induction, which agent is ineffective in rats (while commonly used in mice and some primates)?
A. 6-hydroxydopamine
B. MPTP
C. Rotenone
D. Japanese encephalitis virus
A. 6-hydroxydopamine
B. MPTP
C. Rotenone
D. Japanese encephalitis virus
Which of the following is required when housing dogs?
A) Water needs to be given every 12 hours for at least 1 hour
B) If <50F, bedding must be provided
C) If <45F, additional bedding must be provided
D) If <55, all dogs must be acclimated to the temperature
A) Water needs to be given every 12 hours for at least 1 hour - True for cats, dogs need to be ad lib
B) If <50F, bedding must be provided
C) If <45F, additional bedding must be provided - at 35F
D) If <55, all dogs must be acclimated to the temperature - at 50F
A rise in pH above 8.0 is especially concerning in part because it is associated with
A. Lower dissolved oxygen due to reduced carrying capacity
B. Higher concentrations of toxic unionized ammonia
C. Increased nitrite oxidation efficiency
D. Reduced conductivity due to ion precipitation
A. Lower dissolved oxygen due to reduced carrying capacity
B. Higher concentrations of toxic unionized ammonia
C. Increased nitrite oxidation efficiency
D. Reduced conductivity due to ion precipitation
Unionized ammonia (NH3) is non-polar and uncharged, allowing it to easily diffuse across cell membranes. This facilitates its entry into fish cells and tissues, leading to internal toxicity.
Ionized ammonia (NH4+) present in low pH, on the other hand, is charged and less able to cross cell membranes, making it less likely to enter cells and cause internal damage.
“Megacolon syndrome” in spotted rabbits is:
A. X-linked recessive
B. Incomplete dominant at the En locus
C. Mitochondrial inheritance
D. Polygenic with no major locus
A. X-linked recessive
B. Incomplete dominant at the En locus
C. Mitochondrial inheritance
D. Polygenic with no major locus