Properties of Matter
What type of element is silicon: metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.
Silicon is a metalloid.
What is the formula for Newton's Second Law of Motion?
The formula is F=maF = maF=ma, where FFF is net force, mmm is mass, and aaa is acceleration.
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a star?
Nebula
Explain how Earth's tilt causes seasons.
The tilt causes different parts of Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, resulting in seasonal changes.
What is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
An abiotic factor is a non-living component, like sunlight, water, temperature, and soil composition.
In the chemical formula H₂O, how many hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are present?
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
During a lab, a student measures a distance of 100 meters and a time of 20 seconds. What is the average speed?
Average speed = Distance / Time = 100 m/20 s=
5 m/s
Justify why the HR diagram is useful for understanding star classification.
It visually organizes stars based on temperature and luminosity, showing relationships in their life cycles and classifications.
Describe Earth's position during summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, receiving more direct sunlight.
What is primary succession?
It's the development of ecosystems in areas where no previous life existed and no soil is present.
Explain why burning wood is a chemical change.
Burning wood produces new substances like ash, smoke, and gases, which cannot be reversed, indicating a chemical change.
A box is pushed with a force of 50 N to the right while friction exerts a 20 N force to the left. What is the net force, and is it balanced or unbalanced?
Net force = 50 N - 20 N = 30 N to the right.
Since there is a net force, the forces are unbalanced.
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
Spiral
How do mountains form due to plate tectonics?
Mountains form when two continental plates collide at convergent boundaries, forcing the land upward.
What is the second trophic level in a food chain?
Primary consumers, which are herbivores that eat producers.
Identify the elements and how many atoms of each are in the compound C₆H₁₂O₆.
Carbon = 6, Hydrogen = 12, Oxygen = 6
How do rockets demonstrate Newton’s Third Law?
Rockets push exhaust gases downward (action), and in response, the rocket is pushed upward (reaction).
In a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram identify characteristics of a star in the upper right hand corner.
A star in the upper right is bright and cool.
How do fossils provide evidence that Earth has changed over time?
Fossils show how life forms have evolved and indicate that continents and environments have shifted over millions of years.
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a specific trait.
Given this equation for photosynthesis:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
How does this equation demonstrate conservation of mass?
It shows the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation—matter is not lost or gained, just rearranged.
A soccer ball is at rest until it is kicked. Which law does this demonstrate?
Newton's First Law, since the ball remains at rest until acted upon by an external force (the kick).
Describe Earth’s position within the Milky Way.
Earth is located on one of the outer arms of the Milky Way galaxy.
What are spring tides, and when do they occur?
Spring tides are higher-than-normal tides that occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned during a full or new moon.
How do offspring inherit traits from their parents?
Offspring inherit genes from each parent, which determine their traits.