Key People
This Federalist leader helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), served as the first Secretary of the Treasury, and advocated for a strong central government.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
The first major armed conflict between British soldiers and colonial militiamen that marked the start of the American Revolutionary War in 1775.
What are the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
Which of the following best explains how the Market Revolution contributed to increasing sectional tensions by the 1850s?
A. Northern industrial growth and Southern reliance on enslaved labor produced divergent economic systems
B. Southern industrialization reduced dependence on Northern manufactured goods
C. Western farmers’ resistance to railroad expansion slowed national economic growth
D. Increased immigration reduced opportunities for enslaved labor in the South
A. Northern industrial growth and Southern reliance on enslaved labor produced divergent economic systems
This 1793 federal law strengthened the rights of slaveholders by requiring the return of escaped enslaved people, even from free states.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793?
This early-nineteenth-century religious movement emphasized individual moral responsibility and inspired widespread social reform efforts.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
This Enlightenment thinker strongly influenced colonial ideas about natural rights and government by consent, shaping Patriot arguments for independence.
Who is John Locke?
The 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
Which development most directly undermined the effectiveness of the Articles of Confederation in the 1780s?
A. Diplomatic failures with France and Spain
B. The federal government’s inability to regulate interstate commerce
C. The expansion of voting rights to non-property-holding white men
D. The creation of a national judiciary
B. The federal government’s inability to regulate interstate commerce
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that established the principle of judicial review, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
What is Marbury v Madison?
This women’s rights gathering in 1848 issued a declaration modeled on the Declaration of Independence, demanding political and legal equality.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
This War of 1812 general earned national fame after a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans, helping pave the way for his later presidency.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
The 1798 crisis in which the U.S. government limited free speech and targeted immigrants amid fears of foreign influence and domestic opposition.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Which factor most directly contributed to the passage of the Indian Removal Act (1830)?
A. Southern planters’ demand for new slave states
B. Growing evangelical opposition to Native American assimilation
C. White settlers’ desire for Native-held land in the Southeast
D. Supreme Court rulings expanding state authority over Native nations
C. White settlers’ desire for Native-held land in the Southeast
This 1828 federal law raised tariff rates significantly, provoking southern opposition and leading to the Nullification Crisis.
What is the Tariff of Abominations?
This Reconstruction-era effort sought to transform Southern society by expanding civil rights and political participation for formerly enslaved people.
What is Radical Reconstruction?
This Supreme Court Chief Justice strengthened the power of the federal government through landmark decisions such as Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.
Who is John Marshall?
An 1819 agreement in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States while the U.S. renounced claims to Texas.
What is the Adams-Onís Treaty?
Which of the following best explains the impact of the Second Great Awakening on American politics in the early nineteenth century?
A. It strengthened the Federalist Party’s influence in New England
B. It promoted reform movements that expanded democratic participation
C. It reduced regional differences by encouraging religious uniformity
D. It discouraged women’s involvement in public life
B. It promoted reform movements that expanded democratic participation
This 1832 Supreme Court case upheld federal authority to regulate interstate commerce, even when that commerce affected a single state.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
This abolitionist newspaper, founded by William Lloyd Garrison, became a leading voice for immediate emancipation.
What is The Liberator?
This Shawnee leader organized Native resistance in the Ohio River Valley and fought against U.S. expansion until his death in the War of 1812.
Who is Tecumseh?
The 1848 agreement that ended the Mexican–American War and resulted in the U.S. acquiring much of the Southwest.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Which of the following best explains a limitation of the Emancipation Proclamation?
A. It immediately ended slavery throughout the United States
B. It applied only to areas under Union control
C. It depended on Union military victory for enforcement
D. It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
C. It depended on Union military victory for enforcement
his 1816 Supreme Court case affirmed the constitutionality of the national bank under the “necessary and proper” clause.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This mid-nineteenth-century utopian community in New York promoted communal living, complex marriage, and shared property as part of a perfectionist social experiment.
What is the Oneida Community?