Nation Building
What was the first form of national government in the United States
The Articles of Confederation
What could Congress NOT do under the Articles of Confederation?
Collect taxes
Who led Shay's Rebellion?
Daniel Shays
What reforms tried to strengthen Spanish control by increasing taxes and limiting church power?
Bourbon Reforms
Who was known as "El Libertador?"
Simon Bolivar
Why was the central government weak under the Articles of Confederation?
Because states feared another strong, authoritarian government like Britain
How did the Articles treat each state?
Like an individual nation
Who led independence movements in Argentina, Chile, and Peru?
Jose de San Martin
What system replaced older colonial administration and angered creoles?
intendency system
What countries made up Gran Colombia
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador
What name did the colonies give themselves in Article I of the Articles of Confederation?
The United States of America
Why could states ignore decisions made by Congress?
Congress had very little authority to enforce laws
What happened when the rebels marched on the federal arsenal?
They were fired on with cannons
Who benefited most from Bourbon Reforms: Peninsulares or Creoles?
Peninsulares
Why did Gran Colombia collapse?
Regionalism, political conflict, and power struggles
When were the Articles of Confederation written and ratified?
Written in 1777 and ratified in 1781
What major national problem resulted from Congress's lack of power?
The federal government could not control trade or manage national affairs
Why were southern Revolutions more stable?
Less racial conflict and unified creole leadership
What group became increasingly alienated because they were excluded from power?
Creoles
What document explained Bolivar's political ideas?
Jamaica Letter
What was the main goal of the Articles of Confederation?
To allow states to work together while limiting central government power
What event exposed how weak the national government was?
Shay's Rebellion
Why did Shay's Rebellion scare national leaders?
It showed the government could not maintain order or prevent civil unrest
What religious group was expelled from the Americas in 1767
Jesuits
What contradiction defined Bolivar's legacy?
Won independence but failed to create stable governments