Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier
These two brothers are known for inventing the first successful craft that could carry people through the air. What did they invent?
Hot-air balloon (or hot air balloon)
Alexander Fleming discovered an important medicine that kills some germs. What is the name of this medicine? (One word.)
Penicillin
Marie Curie studied a special kind of energy coming from some metals. What is this type of energy called? (One word.)
Radioactivity
What gas did the Montgolfier brothers use to make their balloon rise (it is a hot ____ that makes air go up)?
Air heated by fire / heated air (or hot air)
Where did Fleming discover this medicine—was it in a lab, at a farm, or on a mountain?
In a lab
Marie Curie was the first woman to win a major prize for science two times. What is the name of that prize?
Nobel Prize
In what century did the Montgolfier brothers first fly a hot-air balloon? (Hint: the 1700s is the same as the ____ century.)
18th century
What problem does Fleming’s discovery help with?
Helps sick people get better (treats infections)
Name one thing Marie Curie is famous for studying or discovering
Radioactivity, radium, polonium
Name one reason people were amazed by the Montgolfier brothers’ balloon flights
people could travel in the air; people could see humans fly; it floated because hot air rose
Fleming noticed a mold that stopped germs from growing. What word describes tiny living things like germs that can make people sick?
Bacteria
True or False: Marie Curie’s work helped people learn how to use X‑rays in medicine.
True
Explain in one sentence how heating air makes a hot-air balloon rise.
Warm air is lighter than cool air, so the balloon rises when the air inside is heated.
Describe briefly why Fleming’s discovery was important for doctors and patients in one or two sentences.
Fleming’s discovery (penicillin) helped doctors treat bacterial infections and saved many lives by stopping harmful bacteria.
In one or two sentences, explain why Marie Curie is an important scientist for people to learn about today
Marie Curie’s discoveries helped scientists understand radioactivity and led to new medical tools like X‑rays and cancer treatments.