Late Middle Ages + Renaissance
What were the Hallmarks of the Renaissance: The "Isms" ?
- Individualism
- Humanism
- Secularism
- Scientific Naturalism
What was the document called and who wrote it, the famous list was posted on Catholic Churches, challenging their sale of "indulgences," which promised reduced time in purgatory for money. The beginning spark of the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther's 95 Theses (1517)
What is Divine Right?
Divine Right - where God established Kings to be rulers on earth and were answerable ultimately to him alone. They had to follow God's laws and rule for the greater of the people.
What are the three main topics of developing a strong monarchy ?
Religious , Economic , Political
What is the Tennis Court Oath ?
The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal moment on June 20, 1789, during the French Revolution where members of the Third Estate (commoners) vowed in an indoor tennis court not to disband until France had a written constitution, defying King Louis XVI and asserting their power as a National Assembly, laying groundwork for French democracy.
In England, what dynasty family was in power ? +50 bonus points for naming the years in power .
(1485 - 1603) The Tudor's. (Henry VII , Henry VIII , Edward VI , Mary I , Elizabeth I)
Describe the differences of the Catholic Churches/religion compared to the Protestant Churches/religion . Name 3 examples .
3 examples of examples :p
-Church designs; Catholic more arts and colors on walls, Protestant more basic and plain.
-Clergy; Catholic priests must be celibate, Protestant clergy can marry.
-Purgatory; Catholic is a state of purification after death, Protestant is denied with no intermediate state.
ETC. Many more differences.
To which city did France move the capital to ? +10 bonus points for year and who enforced the move.
From Paris to Versailles
-Louis XIV's Move (1682)
What was the Triennial Act ?
The act was enforced by parliament which compelled the King to summon parliament every 3 years so the King does not obtain absolutism.
Who was the "leader" of the republic ?
Maximilien Robespierre
Who wrote the play, "The Prince" (1513), after being set free from prison and said that in order to stay in power, it is better to be feared than loved but don't make yourself hated . He called it "The first modern guide to politics" .
A) Thomas More
B) Baldassare Castiglione
C) Niccolò Machiavelli
D) Desiderius Erasmus
E) Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola
C) Niccolò Machiavelli is the correct answer
Thomas More's Utopia - A dialogue about a perfect society that provided hope, education for kids, and where the government would help with crisis like hunger and poverty. Many people did NOT like the idea however.
Baldassare Castiglione's The Courtier(1528) - a manual for men and women of what they should do to be a gentleman and a lady, to be very well rounded and educational.
Desiderius Erasmus - Dutch humanist that believed the bible should be translated into many languages so that everyone can enjoy the beliefs together.
Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola(1463-1494) - On the Dignity of Man; a man's nature means that there is nothing that a man cannot accomplish.
What was the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and it's significance ?
Exp: People brought together in Trent to reform the Catholic Church in order to gain relations with the Protestants to make them Catholic again. The Catholic Church tried to fix ties and meet in the middle with the Protestants. But Protestants did NOT take their offer.
Who went on the Western Tour in order to learn more about being westernized to make their country better ?
A) Frederick William
B) Ferdinand II
C) Ivan IV
D) Cardinal Richelieu
E) Peter the Great
E) Peter the Great is the correct answer
What is the order of the Stuart monarchy (and the exceptional leader) and what was the event in history that resolved the government crisis ?
James I, Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II, James II, finally William III & Mary II.
- The Glorious Revolution (1688)
What is the tool called and why did the person develop the tool ?
The Guillotine: Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
- Purpose was to send the executed person into a place swiftly and painless, no room for torture. A quick death.
List these events in chronological order:
- Spanish Inquisition
- Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince
- Johann Gutenberg's Printing Press
- Thomas More's Utopia
1. Johann Gutenberg's Printing Press: Mid-15th century (around 1440)
2. Spanish Inquisition: Began 1478 (ended from abolition in 1834)
3. Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince: Early 16th century (around 1513)
4. Thomas More's Utopia: 1516
Where did Martin Luther's idea spread widely and influenced people with no religious freedom ?
Holy Roman Empire (modern-day Germany)
:The people of the Holy Roman Empire did not have any religious freedom, they were forced to be Catholic. However, the people wanted to be able to practice any religion they wanted, hence why when they heard Martin Luther's ideas, that became intrigued.
-Then Germany fell into a religious war with itself and then later the Peace of Augsburg (1555) was proposed that Lutheranism can officially be practiced.
-Provided peace for 60 years, but limitations led to the Thirty Years' War
------------------------------------
Significance:
Match the dynasties to the country:
Countries-
1. France
2. Spain
3. Austria
4. Prussia
5. Russia
Dynasties-
A. Vasilyevich and Romanov
B. The Bourbon
C. The Hohenzollern
D. The Habsburg
E. The Habsburg (Cadet/Jr. Branch)
1. France - The Bourbon
2. Spain - The Habsburg
3. Austria - The Habsburg (Cadet/Jr. Branch)
4. Prussia - The Hohenzollern
5. Russia - Vasilyevich and Romanov
What was the Test Act during the restoration of the Stuart monarchy ?
Test Act - Secured the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters the right to vote, preach, assemble, etc.
What was the period called that was marked the end of Robespierre, leading to his execution and the end of the Reign of Terror ?
Who is Francesco Petrarch ? (1304-1374)
Florentine poet and Italian scholar who came up with the study of liberal arts and Humanism. The first steps to the Renaissance.
List these events in chronological order:
- German Peasants' War
- St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- Diet of Worms
- Thirty Years' War
- Spanish Armada
1. Diet of Worms: 1521
2. German Peasants' War: 1525
3. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: 1572
4. Spanish Armada: 1588
5. Thirty Years' War: 1618-1648
What two countries did Louis XIV break and caused a war, adding costs to the war dept ?
France and Spanish, causing the Spanish Succession (March 1701-1741)
Why was Oliver Cromwell in power for a little bit ?
Became in power because his strong military leadership against Charles I. Was executed because he started turning England into a mainly military country.
Who is main figure during the Scientific Revolution that explained the planetary motion and earthly gravity, establishing classical mechanics and marking the revolution's peak ?