Evidence & Articles
This term describes practice that integrates the best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
What is evidence-based practice?
This term describes an entire group that a researcher is interested in, such as all adult patients with heart failure on a unit.
What is the population?
This measure of central tendency is the arithmetic average of a set of scores.
What is the mean?
This concept asks whether an instrument actually measures what it is intended to measure.
What is validity?
This hypothesis states that there is no relationship or difference between variables in a study.
What is the null hypothesis?
This hierarchy is used in EBP to show which types of research provide the strongest evidence.
What is the evidence pyramid?
This type of variable is manipulated or categorized to see its effect on another variable in a study.
What is the independent variable?
This statistic describes how spread out scores are around the mean and is often reported with the mean.
What is the standard deviation?
This form of validity asks whether the instrument adequately covers all aspects of the concept being measured.
What is content validity?
When the p value is less than the chosen alpha level, researchers usually do this to the null hypothesis.
What is reject the null hypothesis?
These are the five typical sections of a quantitative research article: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and this final section.
What is the Discussion or Conclusion?
This level of measurement labels categories without any inherent order (for example, male/female, blood type).
What is nominal level of measurement?
This is a table or graph that shows how many times each score or value occurs in a data set.
What is a frequency distribution?
This type of reliability reflects the stability of test scores over time when a measure is repeated with the same participants.
What is stability (test–retest reliability)?
This term describes the probability of making a type I error; in nursing research it is often set at 0.05.
What is alpha (the significance level)?
This part of a study provides the underlying concepts or theories that guide the research and is not always explicitly included in a journal article.
What is the theoretical framework?
Height in centimeters or weight in kilograms are examples of this highest level of measurement, which has a true zero point.
What is ratio level of measurement?
In a perfectly normal distribution, this is the relationship among the mean, median, and mode.
What is they are all equal (at the center of the distribution)?
When multiple observers independently rate the same behavior and achieve at least 0.90 agreement, this type of reliability has been demonstrated.
What is inter-rater reliability?
This term describes the probability that a study will detect a true effect if one exists and is influenced by sample size, effect size, and alpha.
What is power?
These are written directions for how care will be provided in a specific situation; they are often developed by expert panels and are more detailed and prescriptive than guidelines.
What are protocols?
Data coded as “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” on a Likert scale represent this level of measurement.
What is ordinal level of measurement?
Statistics that describe the sample, like mean and standard deviation, differ from this type of statistics, which allows researchers to make predictions or draw conclusions about the population.
What are inferential statistics?
These unwanted variables can influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables and must be controlled to obtain trustworthy data.
What are extraneous variables?
This concept addresses whether a statistically significant result is large or meaningful enough to matter in patient care.
What is clinical significance?