Greek Geography and Civilization
What are some key characteristics of Greece’s physical geography?
Mountains, seas, and peninsulas
Who had the right to vote in ancient Greece?
Free adult male citizens
What is the name of the Persian War battle that was fought in a narrow mountain pass?
Thermopylae
Philip II was the king of ________.
Macedonia
Ancient Greek styles are also known as the ________ style.
Classical
Who were the Hellenes?
The Greeks who returned to the mainland after the Dark Age.
What kind of government did Athens have?
Direct democracy
What was the battle that ended the Persian Wars?
The Battle of Plataea
How old was Alexander when Philip II died?
20
Before there were historians, the Greeks believed in __________.
Myths and legends
What is an agora, and what did people do there?
A marketplace where people gathered and debated issues
What kind of government did Sparta have?
Oligarchy
Why is the Peloponnesian War considered a civil war?
Because it was a conflict within the Greek city-states instead of against a foreign power
How many soldiers did Alexander lead into the Persian Empire?
40,000
Who were the three main philosophers of ancient Greece?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
How did physical geography influence the lives of the early Greeks?
They traded, fished, farmed, raised animals, and formed independent city-states
Explain what an oligarchy is
A small group of powerful people rules
How did Athens interfere with Persian conquest?
They sent warships to help Greek city-states
What is the name of the era after Alexander’s death?
The Hellenistic Era
How did Greeks honor their gods?
They held festivals, built statues in temples, and held athletic competitions
Name one key characteristic of Greece’s physical geography and explain how it affected the lives of the early Greeks.
Peninsula and sea: pushed people toward sea travel and trade
Mountains: separated communities and helped independent city-states grow
Explain what a democracy is.
People participate in government.
In response to Athens’s growing power after the Persian Wars, what did Sparta do?
Sparta formed a military alliance called the Peloponnesian League
Describe one strategy Alexander used to rule Persia
He allowed some satraps to keep their positions and created a ruling class made up of both Macedonians and Persians.
Name and describe one Greek achievement.
Drama, sculpture, columns, philosophy, the Pythagorean Theorem, the Hippocratic Oath, etc.