Dates
What year was St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
1572
What is a Huguenot? A Bourbon? A Guise?
French Protestant/Calvinist
Protestant royal family
Powerful Catholic family
Who is Philip II?
Catholic king of Spain
Who was the Queen of England during this time?
Queen Elizabeth I
What did the Bohemians do to the Catholic ambassadors?
Threw them out the window
When was the French wars of religion?
1562-1598
What started the French Wars of Religion?
What three things did Philip II want to do?
Become the dominant power in Europe; consolidate his lands; save Catholicism from the heretics
What are the 4 phases of the 30 Years War in order?
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French
What are the two reasons the Danish joined the war?
Help out fellow Protestants and vie for control of the Baltic
When was the Spanish Armada?
1588
Group of ultra-Catholic families headed by the Guise family - aimed at replacing Henry III
Who became the head of the Dutch resistance?
William of Orange-Nassau
Why did Philip II send an armada against England?
England was financing the Dutch revolt
Who was the Swedish general who led Sweden to a great victory at the battle of Lutzen but died in the process?
Gustavus Adolphus
When was the Peace of Westphalia?
1648
Explain what happened on St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Henry Navarre (Protestant) gets married to catholic princess. A lot of Huguenots are in Paris and the Guise family convinces the king that they are a political threat. A massacre happens and 3,000 Huguenots are killed
Impose heavier taxes and suppress Calvinism (political and religious)
Why was France threatened by the Habsburgs?
What battle did the French defeat the Habsburgs and Spanish?
Battle of Rocroi in 1643
When was the peace treaty that ended the Dutch Revolt?
1609 (or 1648)
Explain the War of the Three Henries
Three Henries (Guise, Navarre, III) are all vying for the throne. III assassinates Guise and is then assassinated. Navarre then takes the throne and converts to Catholicism
Who was sent by Philip II to suppress the Dutch Revolt?
Duke of Alva
Explain the attack of the Spanish Armada - not why it happened, but what happened and what was the result
Spain had more and bigger ships, England had fewer and quicker ships equipped with longer range canon. England was able to shoot Spanish ships from further causing Spain to turn around. A storm comes and sinks more Spanish ships. This ends Spanish naval dominance and beginning of English naval dominance, and ends naval warfare practice of boarding and close-range fighting
What are two major outcomes of the Peace of Westphalia?
German states free to determine own religion; France gains parts of western Germany; Religion and politics are in separate realms