Protein
Is protein a macro nutrient or a micro nutrient
Macro nutrient
Are fats a macro nutrient of a micro nutrient
Macro nutrient
Are carbohydrates a macro nutrient or a micro nutrient
Macro
Are vitamins a macro nutrient or a micro nutrient
Micro
Are minerals a macro nutrient or micro nutrient
Micro
Give two functions of protein in the body.
Growth and repair of body tissues
Formation of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
Give two functions of fat in the body.
Any two of the following:
Provides energy
Keeps the body warm (insulation)
Protects organs
Helps absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K
Name one function of carbohydrates in the body.
They provide energy for daily activities and body functions.
Name one function of vitamins in the body.
Any one of the following:
Helps the body grow
Keeps the immune system strong
Helps the body use other nutrients
Maintains healthy skin, eyes, and bones
Name one function of minerals in the body.
Any one of the following:
Helps build strong bones and teeth
Helps blood clot
Helps nerves and muscles work properly
Helps prevent anaemia
Name two foods that are good sources of protein.
Meat
Fish
Eggs
Milk
Cheese
Beans
Lentils
Nuts
Name two foods that are good sources of fat.
Any two of the following:
Butter
Margarine
Oils
Cheese
Nuts
Avocado
Fatty fish
Name two foods that are good sources of carbohydrates.
Any two of the following:
Bread
Rice
Pasta
Potatoes
Cereals
Fruit
Sugar
Name two foods that are good sources of vitamins
Any two of the following:
Fruit (e.g., oranges, apples)
Vegetables (e.g., carrots, spinach)
Milk
Eggs
Fish
Fortified cereals
Name two foods that are good sources of minerals.
Any two of the following:
Milk and dairy products
Meat and fish
Eggs
Green leafy vegetables
Nuts and seeds
Explain the difference between HBV and LBV proteins.
HBV (High Biological Value) proteins contain all the essential amino acids and are usually found in animal foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and milk.
LBV (Low Biological Value) proteins do not contain all the essential amino acids and are usually found in plant foods such as beans, lentils, and cereals.
Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and are found mainly in animal foods such as butter, cream, and fatty meats.
Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are found mainly in plant foods such as oils, nuts, seeds, and fish.
Classify Carbohydrates into 3 groups
Sugars
Starches
Fibre
Distinguish between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body.
Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C) dissolve in water and cannot be stored, so they need to be eaten regularly.
Name two important minerals and one function of each.
Calcium: Needed for strong bones and teeth
Iron: Needed to make red blood cells
Explain what is meant by essential amino acids
Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot make itself and must be obtained from the diet through protein-containing foods.
State one health problem linked to eating too much saturated fat and explain why.
Eating too much saturated fat can lead to heart disease because it can increase cholesterol levels in the blood, which may block arteries.
What is dietary fibre and why is it important?
Dietary fibre is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested. It is important because it helps digestion and prevents constipation.
Explain the importance of Vitamin D in the body.
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is needed for strong bones and teeth.
Explain what can happen if a person does not get enough iron
A lack of iron can cause anaemia, which leads to tiredness, weakness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating because the body cannot carry enough oxygen in the blood.