Electrolyte Imbalances
lethargy, stupor, coma, renal calculi, decreased deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, pathological fractures, and constipation are all signs and symptoms of this.
Hypercalcemia
Cantaloupe, bananas, oranges, potatoes, broccoli, spinach, tomatoes and whole grains are all sources of this mineral.
Potassium
A patient with heart failure is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which symptom would the nurse expect to find upon assessment?
A. Dry mouth
B. Edema in the lower extremities
C. Increased thirst
D. Elevated hematocrit
B. Edema in the lower extremities
This macronutrient is classified as simple or complex.
Carbohydrates.
Short-term nutritional therapy and bowel decompression.
NG tube (Nasogastric)
Causes:Diuretics, diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis
S & S: Dysrhythmias, muscle weakness/spasms, constipation, hypotension, weak pulse.
Hypokalemia
Carrots, sweet potatoes, dark leafy greens, liver, milk and egg yolks are all sources of this fat-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin A
A patient is diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism and presents with tetany and tingling in the extremities. Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find?
Decreased calcium levels
The normal range for Albumin is 3.5-5. A lab value reading below 3.5 would be an indicator of this.
Chronic malnutrition
The best way to confirm proper placement of an enteral tube.
X-ray
This electrolyte is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.
Sodium
Nuts, seeds, soybeans, canola, corn and vegetable oils are rich in this fat-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin E
A patient with severe burns is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance due to fluid shifts and cellular damage?
Hypokalemia
These make up the macronutrients
Carbs, fats and proteins
The nurse will instruct the patient to do this while removing the NG tube.
Take a deep breath and hold it.
Confusion, coma, seizures, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, weak and thready pulse and tachycardia are signs and symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance.
Hyponatremia
Yellow and orange fruits, papaya, kiwi, broccoli, sweet and white potatoes are all sources of this water-soluble vitamin.
A patient with a history of heart failure is admitted with confusion and lethargy. The lab results show a sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention is the priority?
A.Administer a hypotonic saline solution as prescribed.
B. Encourage increased oral fluid intake.
C. Monitor urine output closely.
D. Initiate seizure precautions.
A. Administer a hypertonic saline solution as prescribed.
The presence of this is required for the absorption of Calcium
Vitamin D
A long-term nutritional therapy used for patients who are neurologically impaired or have a condition that affects the stomach and its normal function.
PEG tube (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy)
Positive trousseau's and chvostek's signs are an indication of this.
Hypocalcemia
Meat, fish, dairy, eggs, beans, lentils and nuts are excellent sources of this macronutrient.
Protein
A nurse is administering an IV solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the patient's blood. What type of solution is being given?
Hypertonic
The normal lab values of Prealbumin are 16-30. A lab that shows <11 would be a sign of this.
Recent malnutrition
Given using PICC line or central venous catheter (CVC), this is for patients who do not have a functioning GI tract, or are unable to ingest, digest or absorb nutrients.
TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)