Decentralization
process where power is passed down to lower levels of government
decentralization
doctrine which states that the public sector can be restructured to resemble a market where purchasers of a service are split from providers
New Public Management (NPM)
specific area of policy (i.e. agricultural, environmental, welfare)
policy sector
Which branch of government (theoretically) enforces and adjudicates disputes to ensure citizens' fundamental liberties are not violated
judicial branch
How many members are in the Czech Republic's Constitutional Court?
15
Name one of the reasons why European countries were pressured to decentralize
1. economic pressure / government overload
2. EU membership
Name a country that pioneered the practice of agency-based administration
Sweden / UK
range of actors (organized groups, politicians, academics) that interact systematically in their respective policy area
policy network
process where judiciary examines legislation/administrative actions to ensure they comply with the law
judicial review
This country's court struck down sexist adultery laws in the 1970s
Why does EU membership encourage decentralization/regionalization?
EU funding is usually tied to regions, not whole countries.
Name one potential downside of New Public Management / agency-based administration
1. less government control
2. politicization of the bureaucracy
established set of distinct national ways of making policies that apply broadly
policy style
How do most European constitutions differ from the US Constitution?
most European constitutions have either been heavily amended or replaced by an improved version
This country's court only does abstract review
France
Which European countries are strictly federal/unitary?
None! Certain states are more unitary/federal than others, but all countries have different methods that reflect a unitary and/or federal style of government
temporary bodies created to address specific issues or tasks, specifically coordinating European involvement
ad hoc committees
what are the two aspects of policy style?
patterns & qualifications
Which process, where courts may respond to requests by politicians to devide the constitutionality of a law, expanded the role of the judicial branch?
abstract review
Who appoints members to Germany's Federal Constitutional Court?
Why is there more decentralization in larger Western European countries than smaller Eastern European countries?
Smaller Eastern European countries didn't have as much central government power / overload as larger Western European countries to begin with.
How do civil service agencies in European nations differ from civil service agencies in the US?
No European country has a "spoils system" like the US does, a new administration does not bring overly partisan changes at the top of civil service
A Farmers' Union interacting with the government would be an example of...
a policy community
Which type of law gives judges more discretion, Common Law or Roman Law?
Common Law
This country's court struck down key provisions of the government's internal security reforms, causing the Minister of the Interior to resign in 1993
Spain