American Indians
This deadly disease, carried by the steamboat St. Peters in 1837, caused a devastating epidemic that killed thousands of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people.
What is smallpox?
What year did North Dakota become a state?
1889
This drought-tolerant native grass of the Great Plains spreads by underground stolons, improves with grazing, and was praised by Eugene Marshall for its value to livestock.
What is buffalo grass?
After 2000, North Dakota oil wells became highly profitable due to this combination of techniques, which includes breaking shale rock and drilling horizontally.
What is hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling?
These log walls, often built with ditches and bastions, were used by the Plains Village People to protect their villages from possible attacks.
What are palisades?
This parallel, established by the Treaty of Peace of 1818, forms the international boundary between North Dakota and Canada.
What is the 49th parallel?
These ice sheets changed the course of North Dakota’s rivers, turning the ancient Missouri River south toward the Mississippi River instead of north to Hudson Bay, what is their name?
glaciers
Signed into law by President James Buchanan in 1861, this act officially created Dakota Territory, starting the process of establishing a territorial government and electing a legislature.
What is the Organic Act?
After suffering heavy losses from the 1781 smallpox epidemic, these three related groups united and became known as the Hidatsa, or “People of the Willows.”
Who are the Hidatsas, Awatixas, and Awaxawis?
In 1889, Dakota Territory was divided along this line to create the two states of North Dakota and South Dakota.
What is the seventh standard parallel?
This 1851 agreement, made between the U.S. government and Plains tribes at Fort Laramie, was intended to reduce conflict and allow safe travel along the Overland Trail.
What is the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)?
In 1912, this 20-year-old college sophomore discovered a piece of coral in North Dakota and theorized that the region had once been an ancient sea, later naming the Williston Basin.
Who is William Taylor Thom (Taylor)?