Wellness Foundations
What best describes the factors that influence an individual’s overall wellness?
Dependent on a mix of biological, behavioral, and cultural factors.
True or False: A communicable disease cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
False
How is motivation for behavior change best described?
An energized state that directs behavior
Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in what?
Their capabilities and skills to succeed
What term describes any bodily movement that requires energy expenditure during daily life?
Physical activity
What is the primary purpose of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)?
To determine whether you can safely increase your level of physical activity
Are the terms health and wellness considered synonymous?
False
Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease?
Heart disease
Which stage of the transtheoretical model describes someone who has not yet considered making a change?
Precontemplation stage
Which factor do individuals have the greatest control over when influencing behavior?
Direct experience
What term refers to the relative amounts of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body?
Body composition
What is one major benefit of a proper warm-up before exercise?
An increase in core body and muscle temperature
Which factor influencing wellness is something an individual can directly control?
Beliefs and values
What is the leading cause of death among Americans?
Heart disease
In which stage of change is weighing the pros and cons most helpful?
Contemplation stage
What is the term for learning by watching the actions and outcomes of others?
Observational learning
Which outcome is a known benefit of regular physical activity?
Improved mood
What is a recommended strategy for exercising safely in hot weather?
Work out in the cooler morning and evening hours
What term refers to the number of years a person lives in optimal health rather than total years lived?
Healthspan
Which statement accurately reflects a known health difference between men and women?
Men are more likely than women to have cardiovascular disease and classic heart attack symptoms.
Which stage represents the common turning point when people move from thinking about change to doing it?
Preparation stage
When motivation depends heavily on others’ actions, what type of locus of control is present?
External locus of control
What type of fitness allows sustained muscle activity over time, such as carrying a backpack all day?
Muscular endurance
Cool, pale skin, heavy sweating, headache, nausea, and dizziness are signs of what condition?
Heat exhaustion
Which health risk factor can be modified through lifestyle changes?
Excess body weight
What is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States?
Tobacco use
What does the SMART goal framework stand for?
Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound
Increasing rewards to support behavior change is an example of what process?
Reinforcement management
Which fitness component most directly supports activities like running or cycling for extended periods?
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Which injury is NOT typically considered a common physical activity–related injury?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
Is wellness considered a passive state or an active, ongoing process requiring daily habits?
True
Obesity does NOT contribute to the risk of which condition?
HIV
What is another name for the transtheoretical model?
Stages of change model
True or False: Successfully achieving goals increases self-efficacy.
True
Which training principle explains why sprinters and marathon runners perform and look differently?
Specificity of training
Give an example that demonstrates the principle of progressive overload?
A person who starts at 20 push-ups and gradually increases to 50 push-ups